Editing Chiswick (section)

== Points of interest ==

[[File:Chiswick House from SE (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Chiswick House]] in [[Palladian style]], 1726–29]]

=== Chiswick House ===

[[Chiswick House]] was designed by the [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington|Third Earl of Burlington]], and built for him, in 1726–29 as an extension to an earlier [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] house (subsequently demolished in 1788); it is considered to be among the finest surviving examples of [[Palladian architecture]] in Britain, with superb collections of paintings and furniture. Its surrounding grounds, laid out by [[William Kent]], are among the most important historical gardens in England and Wales, forming one of the first [[English landscape garden]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.chgt.org.uk/ | title=Chiswick House and Gardens | publisher=Chiswick House & Gardens Trust | access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref> It was used as [[Chiswick Asylum|an asylum]] from 1892 to 1928; up to 40 private patients were housed in wings which were demolished in 1956 when the house was restored.<ref name=Bethlem>{{cite web |title=The History of Chiswick House Asylum |url=http://museumofthemind.org.uk/blog/post/the-history-of-chiswick-house-asylum |website=Bethlem Museum of the Mind |access-date=30 January 2017}}</ref>

=== Churches ===

[[File:Turnham Green Church 3.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Christ Church, [[Turnham Green]], by [[George Gilbert Scott]], 1843]]

[[St Nicholas Church, Chiswick|St Nicholas Church]], near the river Thames, has a 15th-century tower, although the remainder of the church was rebuilt by [[J.L. Pearson]] in 1882–84. Monuments in the churchyard mark the burial sites of the 18th-century English artist [[William Hogarth]] and [[William Kent]], the architect and landscape designer; the churchyard also houses a mausoleum (for [[Philip James de Loutherbourg]]) designed by [[John Soane]], and the tomb of [[Josiah Wedgwood]]'s business partner, [[Thomas Bentley (manufacturer)|Thomas Bentley]], designed by Thomas Scheemakers.<ref>{{cite book| title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography| chapter=Thomas Scheemakers| url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101024802/Thomas-Scheemakers| archive-url=https://archive.today/20141114073649/http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101024802/Thomas-Scheemakers| url-status=dead| archive-date=14 November 2014| date=2014}}</ref> One of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s daughters, Mary Fauconberg, lived at Sutton Court and is buried in the churchyard.<ref name=Clegg30>Clegg, 1995. p 30</ref> Enduring legend has it that the body of Oliver Cromwell was also interred with her, though as the [[Viscount Fauconberg|Fauconbergs]] did not move to Sutton Court until 15 years after his disinterment, it is more likely he was reburied at their home at Newburgh Priory.<ref name=Clegg30/> Private [[Frederick Hitch]] [[Victoria Cross|VC]], hero of [[Rorke's Drift]], is also buried there.<!--Blue Plaque on Cranbrook Road--><ref>{{cite web|title=Parade planned for Chiswick's Rorke's Drift Hero |url=http://www.chiswickw4.com/default.asp?section=info&page=evhitch.htm |publisher=Chiswick W4 |access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

The church of [[St Michael's Church, Grove Park|St Michael, Sutton Court]] was designed by [[W. D. Caröe]] in 1908–1909. It is a red brick building on Elmwood road, in Tudor style.<ref name=BHOchurches/> St Paul's Church, Grove Park is a Gothic style stone building designed by H. Currey. It was built largely at the Duke of Devonshire's expense in 1872.<ref name=BHOchurches/>

<!--[[File:The spire of St Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park, W4 - geograph.org.uk - 899072.jpg|thumb|upright|The spire of [[St Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park]], by [[Norman Shaw]], 1880]]
-->
[[St Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park]] was initially a temporary iron building from 1876 on Chiswick High Road facing Chiswick Lane. The current building's foundation stone was laid in 1879 and consecrated in 1880. It was designed, along with much of Bedford Park, by [[Norman Shaw]], and was called "a very lovely church" by [[John Betjeman]]. It is an [[Anglo-Catholic]] church, and was attacked on the day it was consecrated for "Popish and Pagan mummeries" by the brewer Henry Smith, churchwarden of St Nicholas, Chiswick.<ref>{{cite web |title=A brief history of the Church |url=http://www.smaaa.org.uk/church/history.html |publisher=St Michael and All Angels |access-date=19 March 2015}}</ref>

[[Christ Church, Turnham Green]] is an early Victorian Gothic building of flint with stone dressings. The main part of the building, by [[George Gilbert Scott]] and W. B. Moffat, is from 1843; the chancel and northeast chapel were added in 1887 by J. Brooks.<ref name=BHOchurches>{{cite web|title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 7, Acton, Chiswick, Ealing and Brentford, West Twyford, Willesden|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol7/pp90-93|publisher=British History|pages=90–93}}</ref>

Chiswick's principal [[Roman Catholic]] church, [[Our Lady of Grace and St Edward Church|Our Lady of Grace and St Edward]] ([[St Edward the Confessor|the Confessor]]) in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster|Diocese of Westminster]], lies on the corner of Duke's Avenue and the High Road. It is a red brick building; the parish was founded in 1848, a school began c. 1855, and a church was opened by [[Cardinal Wiseman]] on the present site in 1864. It was replaced by the present building in 1886, opened by [[Henry Edward Manning|Cardinal Manning]]. The heavy debts incurred were paid off and the church consecrated in 1904. The square tower was added after the First World War by Canon Egan as a war memorial.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Grace & St Edward: Parish History|url=http://parish.rcdow.org.uk/chiswick/about-the-parish/|publisher=Diocese of Westminster|access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref>

The [[Cathedral of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God and the Holy Royal Martyrs]] with its characteristic blue onion dome with gold stars is in Harvard Road. The [[Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe|Russian Orthodox]] church built it in 1998.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jeffery |first=Paul |title=England's other cathedrals |date=2012 |publisher=History Press |location=Stroud, UK |isbn=9780752490359}}</ref>

=== Chiswick Mall ===

[[File:20210602 123430 Looking east along Chiswick Mall from Church Street.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Chiswick Mall]], looking east from Church Street. The grand houses are on the left; their waterfront gardens are on the right.]]

{{main|Chiswick Mall}}

[[Chiswick Mall]] is a waterfront street on the north bank of the River Thames in the oldest part of Chiswick near St Nicholas Church. It consists mainly of some thirty "grand houses"<ref name="Clegg 2021">{{cite web |last=Clegg |first=Gill |title=Grand Houses |url=https://brentfordandchiswicklhs.org.uk/search-discover/chiswick-history-homepage/grand-houses/ |publisher=Brentford & Chiswick Local History Society |date=2021 |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> from the [[Georgian era|Georgian]] and [[Victorian era]]s, many of them now listed buildings, overlooking the street on the north side; their gardens are on the other side of the street beside the river.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hounslow |title=Old Chiswick: Conservation Area Appraisal: Consultation Draft |url=https://haveyoursay.hounslow.gov.uk/planning-policy/conservation-area-appraisals/supporting_documents/Old%20Chiswick%20CAA%20Draft%20Nov%202018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207121620/https://haveyoursay.hounslow.gov.uk/planning-policy/conservation-area-appraisals/supporting_documents/Old%20Chiswick%20CAA%20Draft%20Nov%202018.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2020 |url-status=live |publisher=London Borough of Hounslow |date=November 2018}}</ref> The largest and finest<ref name="Clegg 2021"/> house on the street is [[Walpole House]], a Grade I listed building; part of it is Tudor, but the building now visible is late 17th to early 18th century.<ref name="HE Walpole">{{cite web |title=Walpole House |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000846 |publisher=[[Historic England]] |access-date=2 June 2021 |ref=Grade II list 1000846 1 October 1987}}</ref>

=== Strand-on-the-Green ===

[[File:Kew Bridge and Strand-on-the-Green, 1832.jpg|thumb|Engraving of [[Kew Bridge]] and [[Strand-on-the-Green]], 1832]]

{{main|Strand-on-the-Green}}

Strand-on-the-Green is the most westerly part of Chiswick, "particularly picturesque"<ref name="SOTG LBH 2018"/> with a paved riverside path fronted by a row of "imposing"<ref name="SOTG LBH 2018"/> 18th-century houses, interspersed with three riverside pubs, the Bell and Crown, Bull’s Head, and the City Barge. The low-lying path is flooded at high tides. It became fashionable in 1759 when [[Kew Bridge]] opened just upstream, with the royal family at [[Kew Palace]] nearby.<ref name="SOTG LBH 2018">{{cite web |title=Strand on the Green Conservation Area Appraisal |url=http://www.hwa.uk.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Apendix-5.2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622232432/http://www.hwa.uk.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Apendix-5.2.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2020 |url-status=live |publisher=[[London Borough of Hounslow]] |access-date=22 June 2020 |page=6 |date=May 2018}}</ref>

=== Bedford Park ===

{{main|Bedford Park, London}}

The [[Bedford Park, London|Bedford Park]] neighbourhood was described by [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] as the first place "where the relaxed, informal mood of a [[market town]] or village was adopted for a complete speculatively built suburb".{{sfn|Cherry|Pevsner|1991|pp=406–410}} In 1877 the speculator [[Jonathan Carr (property developer)|Jonathan Carr]] hired Shaw as his estate architect. Shaw's house designs, in the [[British Queen Anne Revival architecture|Queen Anne Revival style]] with red brick, [[roughcast]], decorative [[gable]]s, and [[oriel window|both oriel]] and [[dormer window]]s, gave the impression of great variety using only a few types of house.<ref name="Clegg People">{{cite web |last=Clegg |first=Gillian |title=People |url=https://brentfordandchiswicklhs.org.uk/search-discover/chiswick-history-homepage/people/ |publisher=Brentford & Chiswick Local History Society |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> These were scaled-down versions of the more expensive houses that he had designed for wealthy areas such as [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[Hampstead]], and [[Kensington]]. He also designed the focal buildings of the garden suburb, including the church of St Michael and All Angels and the Tabard Inn opposite it.{{sfn|Cherry|Pevsner|1991|pp=406–410}}<ref name="Girouard 1984">{{cite book |last=Girouard |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Girouard |title=Sweetness and Light: The Queen Anne Movement, 1860–1900 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=1984 |orig-year=1977 |isbn=978-0-300-03068-6 |pages=160–176}}</ref><ref name="Hidden">{{cite web |title=Bedford Park, Ealing |url=https://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/bedford-park/ |website=Hidden London |access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Duke's Meadows ===

{{main|Duke's Meadows}}

[[Duke's Meadows]] stands on land formerly owned by the [[Duke of Devonshire]]. In the 1920s, it was purchased by the local council, who developed it as a recreational centre. A promenade and bandstand were built, and the meadows are still used for sport with a rugby club, football pitches, hockey club, several rowing clubs and a golf club. In recent years a local conservation charity, the Dukes Meadows Trust, has undertaken extensive restoration work, which saw a long-term project of a children's water play area opened in August 2006.<ref name=dukes>{{cite web |publisher=Dukes Meadows Trust |url=http://www.dukesmeadowstrust.org/aboutus.html |title=About Us |access-date=15 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205092301/http://www.dukesmeadowstrust.org/aboutus.html |archive-date=5 February 2014  }}</ref>

[[File:Pond Dippers on Frog Day in Gunnersbury Triangle.JPG|thumb|Pond dipping in [[Gunnersbury Triangle]], a local nature reserve]]

=== Gunnersbury Triangle ===

{{main|Gunnersbury Triangle}}

The [[Gunnersbury Triangle]] [[local nature reserve]], opposite Chiswick Park Underground station, is managed by [[London Wildlife Trust]]. The area, a railway triangle, was saved from development by a public inquiry, and became a reserve in 1985. Its 2.5 hectares are covered mainly in secondary [[birch]] woodland, with [[willow]] [[carr (landform)|carr]] (wet woodland) in the low-lying centre, and [[acid grassland]] on the former Acton Curve railway track. The reserve runs a varied programme of activities including wildlife walks, fungus forays, open days and talks.<ref name=LNR>{{cite web |url=http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=gunnersbury&ID=190 |title=Gunnersbury Triangle |series=Local Nature Reserves |publisher=Natural England |date=18 December 2013 |access-date=22 January 2014 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202134017/http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_details.asp?C=0&N=gunnersbury&ID=190 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=lnrIndex&query=REF_CODE%3D%271008928%27 |title=Map of Gunnersbury Triangle|series=Local Nature Reserves|publisher=Natural England |access-date=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=LWT-GT>{{cite web| url=http://www.wildlondon.org.uk/reserves/gunnersbury-triangle |title=Gunnersbury Triangle |publisher=London Wildlife Trust |access-date=30 March 2015}}</ref>

=== Public houses and theatres ===

[[File:Mawson Arms 01.JPG|thumb|upright=0.6|The [[Mawson Arms]], briefly the home of the poet [[Alexander Pope]]]]

There are several historic [[public house]]s in Chiswick, some of them [[listed building]]s, including the [[Mawson Arms]],<ref>{{NHLE |desc=Ye Fox And Hounds And Mawson Arms And Nos. 112–118 |num=1358692 |access-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> the [[George and Devonshire]],<ref>{{NHLE |desc=The George And Devonshire Arms Public House |num=1358664 |access-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> the [[Old Packhorse]]<ref>{{NHLE|desc=The Old Packhorse Public House |num=1240781 |access-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> and [[The Tabard (Chiswick)|The Tabard]] in Bath Road near Turnham Green station. The Tabard is known for its [[William Morris]] interior and its Norman Shaw exterior; it was built in 1880.<ref name="English Heritage">{{NHLE |desc=Tabard Hotel public house |num=1079594 |access-date=19 October 2014}}</ref> Three more pubs are in [[Strand-on-the-Green]], fronting on to the Thames river path.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Hounslow London Borough Council |url=http://www.hounslow.gov.uk/conservation.pdf |title=Conservation Areas |access-date=1 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213140222/http://www.hounslow.gov.uk/conservation.pdf |archive-date=13 December 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

Chiswick had two well-known theatres in the 20th century.{{sfn|Clegg|1995|pp=95–97}} The [[Chiswick Empire]] (1912 to 1959) was at 414 Chiswick High Road. It had 2,140 seats,<ref>{{cite book |last=Looby |first=Patrick |title=Britain in Old Photographs, Chiswick & Brentford |publisher=Sutton Publishing |date=1997 |isbn=0-7509-1151-4}}</ref> and staged [[music hall]] entertainment, plays, reviews, opera, ballet and an annual Christmas [[pantomime]]. The Q Theatre (1924 to 1959) was a small theatre opposite Kew Bridge station. It staged the first works of [[Terence Rattigan]] and [[William Douglas-Home]], and many of its plays went on to the West End.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roe |first=Ken |title=Q Theatre |url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/28233 |publisher=Cinema Treasures |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>

The 96-seat [[Tabard Theatre]] (1985) in Bath Road, upstairs from the Tabard pub but a separate business, is known for new writing and experimental work.<ref name=Tabard>Tabard Theatre – [http://www.tabardweb.co.uk/history.htm History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719164638/http://tabardweb.co.uk/history.htm |date=19 July 2014 }}. Retrieved on 20 August 2010.</ref>

=== Other buildings ===

[[File:Voysey House Sandersons Building design by CFA Voysey 1902.jpg|thumb| [[Arthur Sanderson & Sons|Sanderson]] wallpaper factory design by [[Charles Voysey (architect)|Charles Voysey]], 1902]]
<!--[[File:A Sanderson & Sons 1893 detail of Voysey House.jpg|thumb|[[Arthur Sanderson & Sons|A Sanderson & Sons 1893]]: detail of one of the old wallpaper factory buildings, Barley Mow Passage]]-->

The [[Arthur Sanderson & Sons|Sanderson]] Factory in Barley Mow Passage, now known as Voysey House, was designed by the architect [[Charles Voysey (architect)|Charles Voysey]] in 1902. It is built in white glazed brick, with [[Staffordshire blue brick]]s (now painted black) forming horizontal bands, the plinth, and surrounds for door and window openings, and dressings in [[Portland stone]]. It was originally a wallpaper printing works, now used as office space. It is a Grade II* [[listed building]]. It faces the main factory building and was once joined to it by a bridge across the road. It was Voysey's only industrial building, and is considered an "important [[Arts and Crafts]] factory building".<ref>{{cite web | title=Voysey House, Hounslow | url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-202394-voysey-house-greater-london-authority | publisher=British Listed Buildings| access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref>

In 1971, [[Erin Pizzey]] established the world's first domestic violence refuge at 2 Belmont Terrace, naming her organisation "[[Chiswick Women's Aid]]". The local council attempted to evict Pizzey's residents, but were unsuccessful and she soon established more such premises elsewhere, inspiring the creation of refuges worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/9020206.Pizzey_calls_for_more_domestic_abuse_shelters |title=Pizzey calls for more domestic abuse shelters |website=Richmond and Twickenham Times |date=12 May 2011 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/battered-erin-pizzey-yes-a-bit-1272122.html |title=Battered? Erin Pizzey? Yes, a bit |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>

Chiswick is home to the [[Arts Educational Schools]] in Bath Road.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://artsed.co.uk/ | title=Arts Educational Schools London | publisher=Arts Educational Schools London | date=2014 | access-date=24 April 2014}}</ref>

The house used for filming the comedy show ''[[Taskmaster (TV series)|Taskmaster]]'', a former groundskeeper's cottage, is just off Great Chertsey Road, near [[Chiswick Bridge]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Where is the Taskmaster house? You can actually visit the filming location |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/taskmaster-house-filming-location/ |publisher=Radio Times |access-date=28 March 2021 |date=18 March 2021}}</ref>