Editing Chinatown (section)

===1970s to the present===
By the late 1970s, refugees and exiles from the [[Vietnam War]] played a significant part in the redevelopment of Chinatowns in developed Western countries. As a result, many existing Chinatowns have become pan-Asian business districts and residential neighborhoods. By contrast, most Chinatowns in the past had been largely inhabited by Chinese from southeastern China.

In 2001, the events of [[September 11 attacks|September 11]] resulted in a mass migration of about 14,000 Chinese workers from [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Manhattan's Chinatown]] to [[Montville, Connecticut]], due to the fall of the garment industry. Chinese workers transitioned to [[casino]] jobs fueled by the development of the [[Mohegan Sun]] casino.

In 2012, [[Chinatown, Tijuana|Tijuana's Chinatown]] formed as a result of availability of direct flights to China. The [[La Mesa (Tijuana)|La Mesa District of Tijuana]] was formerly a small enclave, but has tripled in size as a result of direct flights to [[Shanghai]]. It has an ethnic Chinese population rise from 5,000 in 2009 to roughly 15,000 in 2012, overtaking [[Mexicali]]'s Chinatown as the largest Chinese enclave in Mexico.
{{Wide image|Chinatown 1.jpg|600px|3=<div align=center>The busy intersection of [[Main Street (Queens)|Main Street]] and [[Roosevelt Avenue]] in the [[Flushing Chinatown|Flushing Chinatown (法拉盛華埠)]], [[Downtown Flushing]], [[Queens]], [[Chinese people in New York City|New York City]]. The segment of Main Street between [[Kissena Boulevard]] and Roosevelt Avenue, punctuated by the [[Long Island]] [[Long Island Rail Road|Rail Road]] [[Trestle bridge|trestle]] overpass, represents the cultural heart of Flushing Chinatown.  Housing over 30,000 individuals born in China alone, the largest by this metric outside Asia, [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] has become home to the largest and one of the fastest-growing Chinatowns in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/i-ate-my-way-through-flushing-queens-and-now-i-get-why-its-the-bigger-and-better-chinatown-2015-5|title=This is what it's like in one of the biggest and fastest growing Chinatowns in the world|author=Melia Robinson|website=Business Insider|date=May 27, 2015|access-date=March 3, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730033121/http://www.businessinsider.com/i-ate-my-way-through-flushing-queens-and-now-i-get-why-its-the-bigger-and-better-chinatown-2015-5|archive-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref> Flushing is undergoing rapid [[gentrification]] by Chinese transnational entities,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/13/flushing-queens-gentrification-luxury-developments|title='Not what it used to be': in New York, Flushing's Asian residents brace against gentrification|author=Sarah Ngu|newspaper=[[The Guardian US]]|date=January 29, 2021|access-date=August 13, 2020|quote=The three developers have stressed in public hearings that they are not outsiders to Flushing, which is 69% Asian. 'They've been here, they live here, they work here, they've invested here,' said Ross Moskowitz, an attorney for the developers at a different public hearing in February...Tangram Tower, a luxury mixed-use development built by F&amp;T. Last year, prices for two-bedroom apartments started at $1.15m...The influx of transnational capital and rise of luxury developments in Flushing has displaced longtime immigrant residents and small business owners, as well as disrupted its cultural and culinary landscape. These changes follow the familiar script of gentrification, but with a change of actors: it is Chinese-American developers and wealthy Chinese immigrants who are gentrifying this working-class neighborhood, which is majority Chinese.|archive-date=August 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813091230/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/13/flushing-queens-gentrification-luxury-developments|url-status=live}}</ref> and the growth of the business activity at the core of [[Downtown Flushing]], dominated by the Flushing Chinatown, has continued despite the Covid-19 pandemic.<ref name=FlushingChinatownContinuesGrowth>{{cite web|url=https://www.curbed.com/2022/12/new-new-york-report-review-hochul-adams-doctoroff.html|title=Can the Hochul-Adams New New York Actually Happen?|author=Justin Davidson|publisher=Curbed - New York magazine|date=December 15, 2022|access-date=December 18, 2022|archive-date=December 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218183018/https://www.curbed.com/2022/12/new-new-york-report-review-hochul-adams-doctoroff.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023, [[Chinese emigration|illegal Chinese immigration]] to [[Chinese people in New York City|New York City]], and especially to the city's Flushing Chinatown, has accelerated.<ref name=NYCPrimaryChineseDestination>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/us/politics/china-migrants-us-border.html|title=Growing Numbers of Chinese Migrants Are Crossing the Southern Border|author=Eileen Sullivan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 24, 2023|access-date=November 24, 2023|quote=Most who have come to the United States in the past year were middle-class adults who have headed to New York after being released from custody. New York has been a prime destination for migrants from other nations as well, particularly Venezuelans, who rely on the city’s resources, including its shelters. But few of the Chinese migrants are staying in the shelters. Instead, they are going where Chinese citizens have gone for generations: Flushing, Queens. Or to some, the Chinese Manhattan...“New York is a self-sufficient Chinese immigrants community,” said the Rev. Mike Chan, the executive director of the Chinese Christian Herald Crusade, a faith-based group in the neighborhood.|archive-date=November 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125055441/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/us/politics/china-migrants-us-border.html?searchResultPosition=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
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The [[New York metropolitan area]], consisting of [[New York City]], [[Long Island]], and nearby areas within the states of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Connecticut]], and [[Pennsylvania]], is home to the largest Chinese-American population of any [[U.S. metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] within the United States and the largest Chinese population outside of China, enumerating an estimated 893,697 in 2017,<ref name="NYC Chinese 1">{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_1YR/S0201/330M400US408/popgroup~016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002005/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_1YR/S0201/330M400US408/popgroup~016|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 14, 2020|title=Selected Population Profile in the United States 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA Chinese alone|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=March 3, 2019}}</ref> and including at least 12 Chinatowns, including nine in New York City proper alone.<ref name="NYC Twelve Chinatowns" /> Steady [[Chinese emigration|immigration from mainland China]], both legal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|date=13 April 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=March 3, 2019|archive-date=August 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808080130/http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|access-date=10 April 2011|archive-date=July 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712200141/https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|url-status=live}}</ref> and illegal,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-05-09/news/29541916_1_illegal-chinese-immigrants-qm2-queen-mary|title=Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities|author=John Marzulli|newspaper=New York Daily News |date=9 May 2011|access-date=March 3, 2019|location=New York|archive-date=2015-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034445/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516|url-status=dead}}</ref> has fueled Chinese-American population growth in the New York metropolitan area. New York's status as an alpha global city, its extensive mass transit system, and the New York metropolitan area's enormous economic marketplace are among the many reasons it remains a major international immigration hub. The [[Manhattan Chinatown]] contains the largest concentration of ethnic Chinese in the [[Western hemisphere]],<ref name="fact-sheet">* {{cite web |url=http://www.explorechinatown.com/PDF/FactSheet.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.explorechinatown.com/PDF/FactSheet.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Chinatown New York City Fact Sheet |website=Explore Chinatown |access-date=March 2, 2019 }}
* {{cite web 
 |url=http://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html 
 |title=The History of New York's Chinatown 
 |author=Sarah Waxman 
 |publisher=Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc 
 |access-date=March 3, 2019 
 |archive-date=May 25, 2017 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525014333/https://www.ny.com/articles/chinatown.html 
 |url-status=live 
 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104 |title=Still the golden door: the Third ...&nbsp;– Google Books |author=David M. Reimers |access-date=April 11, 2016 |isbn=9780231076814 |year=1992 |publisher=Columbia University Press |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103153044/https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104#v=snippet&q=Flushing%20Chinatown%20Little%20Taiwan&f=false |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web 
 |url=http://geographyplanning.buffalostate.edu/MSG%202002/13_McGlinn.pdf 
 |title=Beyond Chinatown: Dual immigration and the Chinese population of metropolitan New York City, 2000, Page 4 
 |author=Lawrence A. McGlinn, Department of Geography SUNY-New Paltz 
 |publisher=Middle States Geographer 
 |year=2002 
 |volume=35 
 |pages=110–119 
 |work=Journal of the Middle States Division of the Association of American Geographers 
 |access-date=March 3, 2019 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029075400/http://geographyplanning.buffalostate.edu/MSG%202002/13_McGlinn.pdf 
 |archive-date=October 29, 2012 
 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104 |title=Still the golden door: the Third ...&nbsp;– Google Books |author=David M. Reimers |access-date=April 11, 2016 |isbn=9780231076814 |year=1992 |publisher=Columbia University Press |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103153044/https://books.google.com/books?id=NagJFMxtkAcC&q=Flushing+Chinatown+Little+Taiwan&pg=PA104#v=snippet&q=Flushing%20Chinatown%20Little%20Taiwan&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing Chinatown]] in [[Queens]] has become the world's largest Chinatown.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/behind-illicit-massage-parlors-lie-a-vast-crime-network-and-modern-indentured-servitude/ar-BBUhZgJ?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=mailsignout|title=Behind Illicit Massage Parlors Lie a Vast Crime Network and Modern Indentured Servitude|first1=Nicholas |last1=Kulish|first2=Frances |last2=Robles|first3=Patricia |last3=Mazzei|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 2, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043138/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/behind-illicit-massage-parlors-lie-a-vast-crime-network-and-modern-indentured-servitude/ar-BBUhZgJ?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=mailsignout|archive-date=March 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has adversely affected tourism and business in Chinatown, San Francisco<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/travel/2020/11/30/san-francisco-chinatown-business-covid/|title=The country's oldest Chinatown is fighting for its life in San Francisco Covid-19 has decimated tourism in the neighborhood. Can its historic businesses survive?|author=Jada Chin|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=November 30, 2020|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=December 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202235502/https://www.washingtonpost.com/travel/2020/11/30/san-francisco-chinatown-business-covid/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Chinatown, Chicago]], Illinois<ref>{{cite news|url=https://herald-review.com/news/state-and-regional/chicagos-chinatown-takes-a-hit-as-coronavirus-fears-keep-customers-away-business-is-down-as/article_d7b72df2-d40c-5d30-afce-bb42baccae2e.html|title=Chicago's Chinatown takes a hit as coronavirus fears keep customers away. Business is down as much as 50% at some restaurants|author=Robert Channick|newspaper=Herald & Review|date=February 12, 2020|access-date=December 3, 2020|archive-date=April 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427124131/https://herald-review.com/news/state-and-regional/chicagos-chinatown-takes-a-hit-as-coronavirus-fears-keep-customers-away-business-is-down-as/article_d7b72df2-d40c-5d30-afce-bb42baccae2e.html|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as others worldwide.