Editing Chicken (section)

=== Phylogeny ===

[[File:Red Junglefowl.jpg|thumb|[[Red junglefowl]], the wild ancestor of the chicken ]]

Water or ground-dwelling fowl similar to modern [[partridge]]s, in the [[Galliformes]], the [[order (biology)|order]] of bird that chickens belong to, survived the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event]] that killed all tree-dwelling birds and their [[dinosaur]] relatives.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pennisi |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi |title=Quaillike creatures were the only birds to survive the dinosaur-killing asteroid impact |journal=Science |date=May 24, 2018 |doi=10.1126/science.aau2802}}</ref> Chickens are descended primarily from the [[red junglefowl]] (''Gallus gallus'') and are scientifically classified as the same species.<ref name=nature>{{cite journal |title=A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms |journal=Nature |date=December 9, 2004 |volume=432 |issue=7018 |pages=717–722 |doi=10.1038/nature03156 |pmid=15592405 |pmc=2263125 |bibcode=2004Natur.432..717B |last1=Wong |first1=G. K. |last2=Liu |first2=B. |last3=Wang |first3=J. |last4=Zhang |first4=Y. |last5=Yang |first5=X. |last6=Zhang |first6=Z. |last7=Meng |first7=Q. |last8=Zhou |first8=J. |last9=Li |first9=D. |last10=Zhang |first10=J. |last11=Ni |first11=P. |last12=Li |first12=S. |display-authors=6}}</ref> Domesticated chickens freely interbreed with populations of red junglefowl.<ref name=nature /> The domestic chicken has subsequently hybridised with [[grey junglefowl]], [[Sri Lankan junglefowl]] and [[green junglefowl]];<ref name="Lawal">{{cite journal |last1=Lawal |first1=Raman Akinyanju |last2=Martin |first2=Simon H. |last3=Vanmechelen |first3=Koen |last4=Vereijken |first4=Addie |last5=Silva |first5=Pradeepa |last6=Al-Atiyat |first6=Raed Mahmoud |last7=Aljumaah |first7=Riyadh Salah |last8=Mwacharo |first8=Joram M. |last9=Wu |first9=Dong-Dong |last10=Zhang |first10=Ya-Ping |last11=Hocking |first11=Paul M. |last12=Smith |first12=Jacqueline |last13=Wragg |first13=David |last14=Hanotte |first14=Olivier |display-authors=6 |title=The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens |journal=BMC Biology |date=December 2020 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=13 |doi=10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1 |pmid=32050971 |pmc=7014787 |doi-access=free}}</ref> a gene for yellow skin, for instance, was incorporated into domestic birds from the grey junglefowl (''G. sonneratii'').<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eriksson |first1=Jonas |last2=Larson |first2=Greger |last3=Gunnarsson |first3=Ulrika |last4=Bed'hom |first4=Bertrand |last5=Tixier-Boichard |first5=Michele |last6=Strömstedt |first6=Lina |last7=Wright |first7=Dominic |last8=Jungerius |first8=Annemieke |last9=Vereijken |first9=Addie |last10=Randi |first10=Ettore |last11=Jensen |first11=Per |last12=Andersson |first12=Leif |display-authors=6 |title=Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=February 29, 2008 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=e1000010 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010 |pmid=18454198 |pmc=2265484 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It is estimated that chickens share between 71 and 79% of their genome with red junglefowl.<ref name="Lawal"/>