Editing Charles X of France (section)

==Bourbon Restoration==
{{Main|Bourbon Restoration in France}}
[[File:Pauline Auzou - The Return of Charles.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|''The Return of Charles X'' by [[Pauline Auzou]]]]

In January 1814, Charles covertly left his home in London to join the [[War of the Sixth Coalition|Coalition forces]] in [[southern France]]. Louis XVIII, by then reliant on a wheelchair, supplied Charles with [[letters patent]] creating him Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of France. On 31 March, the Allies captured Paris. A week later, [[Napoleon]] abdicated. The [[French Senate|Senate]] declared the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, with Louis XVIII as King of France. Charles (now heir-presumptive) arrived in the capital on 12 April<ref>Nagel, p. 153.</ref> and acted as Lieutenant General of the realm until Louis XVIII arrived from the United Kingdom. During his brief tenure as regent, Charles created an [[ultra-royalist]] [[secret police]] that reported directly back to him without Louis XVIII's knowledge. It operated for over five years.<ref>Price, pp. 11–12.</ref>

Louis XVIII was greeted with great rejoicing from the Parisians and proceeded to occupy the [[Tuileries Palace]].<ref name="Nagel253">Nagel, pp. 253–254.</ref> The Count of Artois lived in the ''Pavillon de Mars'', and the Duke of Angoulême in the ''[[Pavillon de Flore]]'', which overlooked the River [[Seine]].<ref>Price, p. 50.</ref> The Duchess of Angoulême fainted upon arriving at the palace, as it brought back terrible memories of her family's incarceration there, and of the storming of the palace and the massacre of the Swiss Guards on [[Insurrection of 10 August 1792|10 August 1792]].<ref name="Nagel253" />

Following the advice of the occupying allied army, Louis XVIII promulgated a liberal constitution, the [[Charter of 1814]], which provided for a [[bicameral]] legislature, an electorate of 90,000 men and [[freedom of religion]].<ref>Price, pp. 52–54.</ref>

After the [[Hundred Days]], Napoleon's brief return to power in 1815,<ref>Price, pp. 72, 80–83.</ref> the [[Second White Terror|White Terror]] focused mainly on the purging of a civilian administration which had almost completely turned against the Bourbon monarchy. About 70,000 officials were dismissed from their positions. The remnants of the [[Grande Armée|Napoleonic army]] were disbanded after the [[Battle of Waterloo]] and its senior officers cashiered. Marshal [[Michel Ney|Ney]] was executed for treason, and Marshal [[Guillaume Marie Anne Brune|Brune]] was murdered by a crowd.<ref>Price, p. 84.</ref> Approximately 6,000 individuals who had rallied to Napoleon were brought to trial. There were about 300 [[Lynching|mob lynchings]] in southern France, notably in Marseille where a number of Napoleon's [[Mamluks]] preparing to return to Egypt, were massacred in their barracks.