Editing Charles Edward Stuart (section)

===Preparations and journey to Scotland: 1745===
[[File:Bonnie A.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Charles Edward as the Jacobite leader (a painting in [[Traquair House]], attributed to the circle of [[Louis Tocqué]])]]
In both Rome and Paris, Charles met numerous supporters of the Stuart cause; he knew that Jacobite representatives were in every key European court.{{sfn|Douglas|1975|p=63}} He had now taken a considerable share in correspondence and other work promoting his and his father's interests.{{sfn|Vaughan|1911|p=941}} While in Paris and Soissons, Charles sought funding and support to restore the monarchy.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=103}} Following conversations with Irish and Scottish exiles such as [[Thomas Sheridan (Jacobite)|Sir Thomas Sheridan]] who assured him of the strength of the Jacobite movement in Scotland, as well as following receipt of a petition to Charles from [[Sir Hector Maclean, 5th Baronet|Sir Hector Maclean]] on behalf of intervention, Charles resolved to launch an expedition to Scotland.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=104}} The ultimate aim was to instigate a rebellion that would place his father on the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland.{{sfn|Douglas|1975|p=65}} To assist with funding the expedition, Charles borrowed some 180,000 livres from the Paris bankers John Waters and George Waters.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=112}}{{sfn|Preston|1995|page=44}} Part of these funds had been raised through support from loyalists in Britain such as Sir Henry Bedingfield of [[Oxburgh Hall]].<ref name="Times">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/history/article/sir-henry-bedingfield-national-trust-unmasks-landowner-who-spied-for-bonnie-prince-charlie-c83g9slj8 |title=Sir Henry Bedingfield: National Trust unmasks landowner who spied for Bonnie Prince Charlie |work=[[The Times]] |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref> As security for the loans, Charles was able to use the [[House of Sobieski|Sobieski]] crown jewels of his great-grandfather [[John III Sobieski]], which had passed down to him through his mother.{{sfn|Preston|1995|page=44}} He used these extensive funds to purchase weapons{{sfn|Douglas|1975|p=63}} and fit out the ''Elisabeth'', an old man-of-war of 66 guns, and the [[Du Teillay (1744 ship)|''Du Teillay'']] (sometimes called ''Doutelle''), a 16-gun privateer.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=115}}
[[File:Gentlemen he cried, drawing his sword, I have thrown away the scabbard.jpg|thumb|A 1907 illustration of Prince Charles seen on the battlefield]]
Encouraged by the French victory in May 1745 at the [[Battle of Fontenoy]], Charles and his party set sail on 5 July for Scotland.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=116}} During the voyage north, Charles's squadron was fired upon by [[HMS Lion (1709)|HMS ''Lion'']] in the [[Celtic Sea]].{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=117}}{{sfn|McLynn|1988|page=105}} The ''Du Teillay'', with Charles on board, made sail to escape, while the ''Elisabeth'', with her greater firepower, engaged ''Lion''.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=117}}{{sfn|McLynn|1988|page=105}} When ''Lion'' withdrew, the ''Elisabeth'' was forced to return to Brest for repairs, taking the majority of Charles's supplies, including some 1,800 broadswords, 8 artillery pieces and most of the 1,500 muskets he had purchased.{{sfn|Douglas|1975|p=63}}{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=117}} The ''Du Teillay'' successfully landed him and seven companions at [[Eriskay]] on 23 July 1745.{{sfn|Kybett|1988|page=117}} The group would later be known as the [[Seven Men of Moidart]] and included [[John O'Sullivan (soldier)|John O'Sullivan]], an Irish exile and former French officer, and Charles's secretary [[George Kelly (Jacobite)|George Kelly]]. Many Catholic and Protestant Highland clans still supported the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] cause, and Charles hoped for a warm welcome from these clans to start an insurgency by Jacobites throughout Britain.{{sfn|Douglas|1975|p=74}} However, receiving a cool reception from the clan leaders there, many of those contacted advised him to return to France, including [[Sir Alexander Macdonald, 7th Baronet|MacDonald of Sleat]] and [[Norman MacLeod (The Wicked Man)|Norman MacLeod]].{{sfn|Riding|2016|pp=83–84}} Aware of the potential impact of defeat, they felt that by arriving without French military support, Charles had failed to keep his commitments and was unconvinced by his personal qualities.{{sfn|Stewart|2001|pp=152–153}} Undeterred, Charles set sail again and arrived at the bay of [[Loch nan Uamh]].{{sfn|Vaughan|1911|p=941}} He had hoped for support from a French fleet, but it was not forthcoming, and he decided to raise an army in Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oestman|first=Olivia|date=April 19, 2019|title=The Second Jacobite Rebellion of 1745: Triumph and Tragedy for Scotland|url=https://clas.ucdenver.edu/nhdc/sites/default/files/attached-files/entry_163.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108172918/https://clas.ucdenver.edu/nhdc/sites/default/files/attached-files/entry_163.pdf |archive-date=8 November 2021}}</ref>