Editing Chalcedon (section)

== Ecclesiastical history ==
[[File:Nicetas of Chalcedon.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Nicetas of Chalcedon]]]]

{{Main|Metropolis of Chalcedon}}
Chalcedon was an [[episcopal see]] at an early date and several Christian [[martyr]]s are associated with Chalcedon:
* The virgin [[Euphemia|St. Euphemia]] and her companions in the early 4th century; the cathedral of Chalcedon was consecrated to her.
* St. Sabel the Persian and his companions.

It was the site of various ecclesiastical councils. The Fourth [[Ecumenical Council]], known as 'the' [[Council of Chalcedon]], was convened in 451 and defined the human and divine natures of [[Jesus]], which provoked the schism with the churches composing [[Oriental Orthodoxy]].

After the council, Chalcedon became a [[metropolitan see]], but without [[suffragan]]s. There is a list of its bishops in [[Michel Le Quien|Le Quien]],<ref>Michel Le Quien, ''Oriens christianus'', I, 599.</ref> completed by [[Anthimus Alexoudes]],<ref>In ''Anatolikos Aster'' XXX, 108.</ref> revised for the early period by [[Jules Pargoire|Pargoire]].<ref>In ''Échos d'Orient'' III, 85, 204; IV, 21, 104.</ref> Among others are:<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03554a.htm Sophrone Pétridès, "Chalcedon" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1908)]</ref>

* [[Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia|St. Adrian, a martyr]];
* St. John, Sts. Cosmas and [[Nicetas of Medikion|Nicetas]], during the Iconoclastic period;
* [[Maris (bishop)|Maris]], the [[Arianism|Arian]];
* Heraclianus, who wrote against the [[Manichaeans]] and the [[Monophysites]];
* Leo, persecuted by [[Alexius I Comnenus]].

=== Greek and Catholic successions ===
The [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] [[metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of Chalcedon holds senior rank (currently third position) within the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople#Holy Synod|Greek Orthodox patriarchal synod of Constantinople]]. The incumbent is Metropolitan Athanasios Papas. The cathedral is that of [[Euphemia|St. Euphemia]].

After the [[East–West Schism|Great Schism]], the [[Latin Church]] retained Chalcedon as a [[titular see]] with archiepiscopal rank,<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 855</ref> with known incumbents since 1356. Among the [[titular bishop]]s named to this see were [[William Bishop (bishop)|William Bishop]] (1623–1624) and [[Richard Smith (bishop)|Richard Smith]] (1624–1632), who were appointed [[vicar apostolic|vicars apostolic]] for the pastoral care of Catholics in England at a time when that country had no Catholic diocesan bishops. Such appointments ceased after the [[Second Vatican Council]] and the titular see has not been assigned since 1967.<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2c08.html Chalcedon (Titular See)]</ref>

Chalcedon has also been a [[titular archbishopric]] for two Eastern Catholic church dioceses: 
* Syrian ([[Antiochian Rite]], established in 1922; vacant since 1958) 
* Armenian Catholic ([[Armenian Rite]], established 1951, after two incumbents, suppressed in 1956)