Editing Cetus (mythology) (section)

==Bible and Jewish mythology==
===The ''tannin'' sea monsters===
The monster [[Tannin (monster)|tannin]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] has been translated as Greek ''kētos'' in the [[Septuagint]], and ''cetus'' in the [[Latin Vulgate]].

''Tanninim'' ({{lang|he|תַּנִּינִים}}) (-im denotes Hebraic plural) appear in the Hebrew [[Book of Genesis]],<ref name=gen>{{bibleref|Gen.|1:21|HE}}.</ref> [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]],<ref>{{bibleref|Exod.|7:9–10:12|HE}}.</ref> [[Book of Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]],<ref>{{bibleref|Deut.|32:33|HE}}.</ref> [[Psalms]],{{refn|{{bibleref|Ps.|74:13|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Ps.|91:13|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Ps.|148:7|HE}}, and possibly {{bibleverse-nb||Ps.|44:20|HE}}.<ref name=heider-dddb-tannin/>}} [[Book of Job|Job]],<ref>{{bibleref|Job|7:12|HE}}.</ref> [[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel]],<ref>{{bibleref|Ezek.|29:3}} & {{bibleverse-nb||Ezek.|32:2|HE}}.</ref> [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]],<ref>{{bibleref|Isa.|27:1|HE}} & {{bibleverse-nb||Isa.|51:9|HE}}.</ref> and [[Book of Jeremiah|Jeremiah]].<ref>{{bibleref|Jer.|51:34|HE}}.</ref> They are explicitly listed among the creatures created by [[Elohim|God]] on the [[Genesis creation narrative#Fifth day|fifth day]] of the [[Genesis creation narrative]],<ref name=gen/> [[Bible translations|translated]] in the [[King James Version]] as "great [[whale]]s".<ref>{{bibleref|Gen.|1:21|KJV}} ([[King James Version|KJV]]).</ref> The Septuagint renders the original Hebrew of Genesis 1:21 (''hattanninim haggedolim'') as {{lang|grc|κήτη τὰ μεγάλα}} (''kētē ta megala'') in Greek, and this was in turn translated as ''cete grandia'' in the Vulgate. The tannin is listed in the [[Book of Isaiah#Summary|apocalypse of Isaiah]] as among the sea beasts to be slain by [[Yahweh]] [[Jewish eschatology|"on that day"]],<ref>{{bibleref|Isa.|27:1|HE}}.</ref> translated in the King James Version as "the [[dragon]]".<ref>{{bibleref|Isa.|27:1|KJV}} ([[King James Version|KJV]]).</ref>{{refn|group=n|This passage in [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] directly parallels another from the earlier Baal Cycle. The Hebrew passage describing the tannin takes the place of a Ugaritic one describing "the encircler"<ref name=barker/> or "the mighty one [[seven-headed serpent|with seven heads]]" (''šlyṭ d.šbʿt rašm'').<ref name=uehlinger/> In both the Ugaritic and Hebrew texts, it is debatable whether three figures are being described or whether the others are epithets of [[Lotan]] or [[Leviathan]].}}

===Conflation with ''Leviathan'' and ''Rahab''===
In [[Jewish mythology]], Tannin is sometimes conflated with the related sea monsters [[Leviathan]] and [[Rahab (Egypt)|Rahab]].<ref name=heider-dddb-tannin/> Along with Rahab, "Tannin" was a name applied to [[ancient Egypt]] after [[the Exodus]] to [[Canaan]].<ref>{{harvp|Heider|1999}} "{{URL|1=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA836|2=Tannîn}}", p. 836</ref> [[Joseph Eddy Fontenrose]] noted that "cetus" was a counterpart of [[Tiamat]]-based Medusa, and was modelled after [[Yam (god)|Yam]] and [[Mot (god)|Mot]] and Leviathan.<ref name=Fontenrose>[[Joseph Eddy Fontenrose]], 1974, [[Python (mythology)|Python]]: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins, pp.289-294, [[Canaveral Press|Biblo and Tannen Publishers]]</ref>

===Jonah's "great fish"===
In [[Jonah]] 2:1 (1:17 in English translation), the Hebrew text reads ''dag gadol'' ({{lang|he|דג גדול}}), which literally means "great fish". The [[Septuagint]] translates this phrase into Greek as ''mega kētos'' ({{lang|grc|μέγα κῆτος}}). This was at the start of more widespread depiction of real whales in Greece and ''kētos'' would cover proven whales, sharks and the old meaning of curious sea monsters. [[Jerome]] later translated this phrase as ''piscis grandis'' in his Latin [[Vulgate]]. However, he translated the Greek word ''kētos'' as ''cetus'' in [[Gospel of Matthew]] 12:40. The English opts for the former: ''"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth."''<ref>{{URL|1=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+12%3A40&version=NIV|2=Matthew 12:40}} ([[New International Version|NIV]])</ref>