Editing Centerville, Indiana (section)

==History==
Centerville was platted in 1814 on land bought from the [[Miami Indians]] at the Twelve Mile Purchase. It was settled by [[Quakers]] originally from Centreville, Delaware. Centre Monthly Meeting in Delaware is part of Baltimore Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends, whose Indian relations office first sent a delegation of Quakers to Indiana Territory at the request of Chief Little Turtle of the Miami Indians, who visited them in Baltimore. Friends from Delaware lived for a time in Guilford County, North Carolina before permanently moving to Indiana Territory when it opened for settlement. The community is said to be named for its location near the middle of the county, but it’s not in the center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=59594|title=Profile for Centerville, IN|publisher=[[ePodunk]]|accessdate=July 7, 2016}}</ref> A little-known [[county seat war]] was fought in Wayne County in 1873 between Centerville and [[Richmond, Indiana|Richmond]]. The county seat had been located in Centerville (Center Township) since 1818.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/facts/history.htm|title=History of Richmond & Wayne County, Indiana|publisher=WayNet|accessdate=June 2, 2014}}</ref> By 1870, Richmond (Wayne Township) had surpassed Centerville in business, population, and tax revenue. These factors led the population of Wayne Township to demand the county seat be moved to Richmond. The dispute was played out in the newspapers, courts, and petitions, with Richmond the eventual winner.
A new courthouse was erected in Richmond and preparations were made to move records from Centerville to Richmond. Centerville residents twice stopped Richmond's officials’ efforts to move the records, first with guarded locked gates, then by firing on their own courthouse with a three-pound [[cannon]] nicknamed “Black Betty.” The cannon was used when Richmond guards were brought in to protect the records. The cannon had been loaded with iron scraps. A crowd demanded the guard come out of the Centerville courthouse. When they refused, the cannon was fired, the door blown off its hinges, and the guards were forced to beat a hasty retreat.<ref>Spahr, W. E. (1966). "Center Township Library, Centerville, Indiana".>[http://www.waynet.org/waynet/spotlight/2001/011126-war.htm (Waynet.org, accessed 18 July 2010)]</ref> Soldiers were brought in the next day to move the records to Richmond. Centerville's tenure as county seat had come to an end. The holes from the cannon shot are still visible over the door of the old courthouse, now the Center Township Library.
[[File:Center_Township_Library.jpg|thumb|left|Center Township Library, showing cannonade marks]]

The Centerville post office has been in operation since 1818.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Wayne|title=Wayne County|publisher=Jim Forte Postal History|accessdate=July 7, 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050914182125/http://postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=IN&county=Wayne|archivedate=September 14, 2005}}</ref>

In 1828 the National Road, which ran along Centerville's Main Street, was surveyed. It later became the first improved section of the trail in 1850 by a Special Act of Congress.

Centerville's [[cobblestone]] [[street]] was a major stop along the trail to the West. During the height of the [[Gold Rush]], 49,000 wagons would travel along the street each year.

Centerville is known as the “City of Arches” due to the five main [[arch]]es on the Old National Road. The original road was 100 feet (30.5 m) wide, but was reduced to 65 feet (19.8 m) after several buildings in the town had encroached into the roadway. The arches were used as a way to get behind the buildings and into the backyards of the houses.<ref>"Centerville, Indiana: The city of arches". {{cite web|url=http://pwda.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/PWDA.woa/wa/page?id%3D7609%26name%3DareaCENTERVILLE|title=Centerville, Indiana. The City of Arches|date=March 10, 2008|accessdate=July 22, 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715141619/http://pwda.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/PWDA.woa/wa/page?id=7609&name=areaCENTERVILLE|archivedate=July 15, 2011}} Retrieved from The Lantz House and Gathering Place Inn.</ref> The five arches in Centerville are the Backenstoes, Dill, Shortridge, Lantz, and Malone Archways, all built between 1823 and 1836.<ref>[http://www.waynet.org/community/centerville/default.htm Centerville, Indiana (Waynet: Community Network Association (accessed 16 July 2010)]</ref> In August, Centerville has Archway Days, held to celebrate the historical archways.
<gallery  widths="180px" class="center">
File:Backenstoes_Archway.jpg|Backenstoes Archway
File:Shortridge_Archway.jpg|Shortridge Archway
File:Malone_Archway.jpg|Malone Archway
File:Lantz_Archway.jpg|Lantz Archway
File:Dill_Archway.jpg|Dill Archway
</gallery>

The [[Centerville Historic District (Centerville, Indiana)]], [[Oliver P. Morton House]], and [[Westcott Stock Farm]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>