Editing Causes of mental disorders (section)

===Biopsychosocial model===
The primary model of contemporary mainstream Western psychiatry is the [[biopsychosocial model]] (BPS), which integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.<ref name="Ghaemi 2006" /> The Biopsychosocial model was first conceptualised by George Engel in 1977,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Engel GL | title = The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine | journal = Science | volume = 196 | issue = 4286 | pages = 129–136 | date = April 1977 | pmid = 847460 | doi = 10.1126/science.847460 | bibcode = 1977Sci...196..129E }}</ref> suggesting that to understand a person's medical condition it is not simply the biological factors to consider, but also the psychological and social factors . The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. Biological, psychological, and social factors exist along a continuum of natural systems. The factors within the model contain the following:

* Biological (physiological pathology)
* Psychological (thoughts emotions and behaviours such as psychological distress, fear/avoidance beliefs, current coping methods and attribution)
* Social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural factors such as work issues, family circumstances and benefits/economics)

This model is commonly used for case conceptualization of psychological disorders as well as chronic pain,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Miaskowski C, Blyth F, Nicosia F, Haan M, Keefe F, Smith A, Ritchie C | title = A Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain for Older Adults | journal = Pain Medicine | volume = 21 | issue = 9 | pages = 1793–1805 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 31846035 | doi = 10.1093/pm/pnz329 }}</ref> with the view that the pain is a psychophysiological behavior pattern that cannot be categorised into biological, psychological, or social factors alone. 

A related view, the [[diathesis-stress model]], posits that mental disorders result from genetic dispositions and environmental stressors, combining to cause patterns of distress or dysfunction.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Murthy RS |display-authors= etal |title=The World Health Report 2001: Mental Health, New Understanding, New Hope|orig-year=2001 |date= 2002 |publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|edition= Reprint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQEdA-VFSIgC&q=mental+health+comes+from+genetics&pg=PR9 |isbn= 9789241562010}}</ref> The model is one way to explain why some individuals are more vulnerable to mental disorders than others. Additionally, it explains why some people may develop a mental disorder after exposure to stressful life events while others do not.