Editing Castrato (section)

==Modern castrati and similar voices==
A male can retain his child voice if it never changes during puberty. The retained voice can be the [[treble voice]] shared by both sexes in childhood and is the same as a boy soprano voice. But as evidence shows, many castrati, such as Senesino and Caffarelli, were actually [[alto]]s (mezzo-soprano) – not sopranos. So-called "natural" or "endocrinological castrati" are born with [[hormone|hormonal]] anomalies, such as [[Klinefelter's syndrome]] and [[Kallmann's syndrome]], or have undergone unusual physical or medical events during their early lives that reproduce the vocal effects of castration without being castrated.

[[Jimmy Scott]], [[Radu Marian (sopranist)|Radu Marian]] and Javier Medina<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/10/24/andalucia/972339750_850215.html |title=Un actor con voz de soprano |newspaper=El País |date=23 October 2000 |last1=Luque |first1=Alejandro }}</ref> are examples of this type of high male voice via endocrinological conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tp4.rub.de/~ak/disc/ |title=The Male Soprano Page |publisher=Tp4.rub.de |access-date=2015-08-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220215336/http://www.tp4.rub.de/~ak/disc/ |archive-date=20 December 2015}}</ref> [[Michael Maniaci]] is somewhat different, in that he has no hormonal or other anomalies, but claims that his voice did not "break" in the usual manner, leaving him still able to sing in the soprano register.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.operatoday.com/content/2005/04/an_interview_wi_4.php |title=An interview with Michael Maniaci |magazine=Opera Today |first=S.C. |last=Loder |date=12 April 2005 |access-date=2015-08-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924061023/http://www.operatoday.com/content/2005/04/an_interview_wi_4.php |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Other uncastrated male adults sing soprano, generally using some form of [[falsetto]] but in a much higher range than most [[countertenor]]s. Examples are [[Aris Christofellis]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://malesopranos.com/cat/10/3-0/aris-christofellis |title=Aris Christofellis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630004501/http://malesopranos.com/cat/10/3-0/aris-christofellis |archive-date=30 June 2009}}</ref> Jörg Waschinski,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.joerg-waschinski.de/jndex_f.html |title=Jörg Waschinski, sopranist |publisher=Joerg-waschinski.de |access-date=2015-08-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818124533/http://joerg-waschinski.de/jndex_f.html |archive-date=18 August 2015}}</ref> and Ghio Nannini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ghionannini.com/Main.asp |title=Ghio Nannini |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017111540/http://www.ghionannini.com/Main.asp |archive-date=17 October 2008}}</ref>

However, it is believed the castrati possessed more of a tenorial chest register (the aria "Navigante che non spera" in [[Leonardo Vinci]]'s opera ''Il Medo'', written for [[Carlo Broschi|Farinelli]], requires notes down to C<sub>3</sub>, 131&nbsp;Hz).<ref>{{cite book |author=Haböck, F. |title=Die Gesangkunst der Kastraten |trans-title=The Singing Skills of the Castratos |language=de |place=Vienna |year=1923 |pages=10–15}}</ref> Similar low-voiced singing can be heard from the [[jazz]] vocalist Jimmy Scott, whose range matches approximately that used by female [[blues]] singers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jimmyscottofficialwebsite.org/ |title=Jimmy Scott official website |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520014327/http://www.jimmyscottofficialwebsite.org/ |archive-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> High-pitched singer [[Jordan Smith (musician)|Jordan Smith]] has demonstrated having more of a tenorial chest register.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UadePk8TjTM |title=Jordan Smith – Ave Maria ('Tis The Season Live) |date=23 November 2016 |access-date=6 May 2018 |via=YouTube |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502072428/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UadePk8TjTM |archive-date=2 May 2018}}</ref>

Actor [[Chris Colfer]] has stated in interviews that when his voice began to change at puberty, he sang in a high voice "constantly" in an effort to retain his range.<ref name="Glee's Chris Colfor on Owning Defying Gravity and Resembling a Hummel Figure">{{cite web |last=Milzoff |first=Rebecca |title=Glee's Chris Colfer on owning 'Defying Gravity' and resembling a Hummel figurine – Vulture |url=http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2009/11/chris_colfer_on_playing_kurt_i.html |magazine=New York |date=16 November 2009 |access-date=7 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119095334/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2009/11/chris_colfer_on_playing_kurt_i.html |archive-date=19 November 2009 }}</ref> Actor and singer [[Alex Newell]] has soprano range. Voice actor [[Walter Tetley]] may or may not have been a ''castrato''; [[Bill Scott (voice actor)|Bill Scott]], a co-worker of Tetley's during their later work in television, once half-jokingly quipped that Tetley's mother "had him fixed" to protect the child star's voice-acting career. Tetley never did personally divulge the exact reason for his condition, which left him with the voice of a preteen boy for his entire adult life.<ref>{{cite book |author=Keith Scott |title=The Moose That Roared – The story of Jay Ward, Bill Scott, a flying squirrel and a talking moose |publisher=St. Martins Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-312-19922-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/moosethatroaredt00scot}}</ref> Botanist [[George Washington Carver]] was noted for his high voice, believed to be the result of [[pertussis]] and [[croup]] infections in his childhood that stunted his growth.<ref name=McMurry14>{{cite book|title=George Washington Carver: Scientist and Symbol | author=Linda O. McMurry | publisher=Oxford University Press|page=14| year=1981}}</ref>