Editing Castling (section)

===Castling rights===
An unmoved king has ''castling rights'' with an unmoved rook of the same color on the same rank, even if castling is not legal in that particular position. In the context of [[Threefold repetition|threefold and fivefold repetition]], two otherwise identical positions with different castling rights are considered to be different positions.

{{Chess diagram  
| tright
|Karpov vs. Miles, 1986
|rd|  |  |  |kd|bd|  |rd
|  |  |  |  |  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  
|  |nl|  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |pl|  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|pl|nd|  |bl|kl|  |pl|pl
|rl|  |  |  |  |  |  |rl
| Position after 22.Nb5
}}
In a 1986 game between [[Anatoly Karpov]] and [[Tony Miles]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Karpov vs. Miles |year=1986 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1068512 |access-date=2022-03-25 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> play continued from the diagrammed position as follows:

: '''22. ... Ra4'''
: '''23. Nc3 Ra8'''
: '''24. Nb5 Ra4'''
: '''25. Nc3 Ra8'''
: '''26. Nb5'''

With his 26th move, Karpov attempted to claim a draw by threefold repetition, thinking that the positions after his 22nd, 24th, and 26th moves were the same. It was pointed out to him, however, that the position after his 22nd move had different castling rights than the positions after his 24th and 26th moves (the rook being unmoved prior to 22. ... Ra4, meaning Black still had castling rights in that position), rendering his claim illegal. As a result, Karpov was penalized five minutes on his clock. After thinking for about ten minutes, Miles decided to [[draw by agreement|agree to a draw]] anyway (even an incorrect claim of threefold repetition is also a draw offer).<ref name=timmer/>
{{clear}}