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Casimir IV Jagiellon
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==Personal life and appearance== According to the ''[[Chronica Polonorum (1519)|Chronica Polonorum]]'' by [[Maciej Miechowita]], Casimir was of tall stature and completely bald at the mid-frontal point ([[Hair loss|advanced receding hairline]]); his face was oval and lean.{{sfn|Biskup|Górski|1987|p=341}} Miechowita also writes that the king spoke with a [[speech impairment]] ([[lisp]]) and was an avid huntsman from his youth.{{sfn|Biskup|Górski|1987|p=341}} He often hunted in the primeval tranquil woodlands extending over the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which were abundant in [[Game (hunting)|game]].{{sfn|Encyklopedia powszechna|1863|p=534}} Casimir appeared modest and did not exude a sense of [[pride]], but is said to have enjoyed occasional opulence and splendor for significant conventions.{{sfn|Encyklopedia powszechna|1863|p=534}} At times, his lack of frugality and preference for field sports over the affairs of state were met with staunch disapproval.{{sfn|Encyklopedia powszechna|1863|p=534}} Records show that the king was fond of birthday celebrations for his children and watched [[Tournament (medieval)|tournaments]].{{sfn|Encyklopedia powszechna|1863|p=534}} He was also known to be a [[teetotaller]], and abstained from drinking wine, [[mead]] or beer at banquets.{{sfn|Encyklopedia powszechna|1863|p=534}} Historian [[Julian Bartoszewicz]] described the king as "wise [in thought], driven by reason and characterised by longaminity and forbearance".{{sfn|Encyklopedia powszechna|1863|p=533}} Casimir cared deeply for his children's education and employed the finest tutors, chiefly [[Jan Długosz]], to supervise his sons John Albert and Alexander.{{sfn|Kuropieska|1992|p=64}} It is likely that Casimir was Poland's last [[illiterate]] monarch as there are no surviving signatures, initials or monograms present on official edicts, though this claim is disputed.{{sfn|Samsonowicz|2007|p=461}}
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