Editing Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (section)

==Works==
{{listen|header=Sonatas by C. P. E. Bach|type=music|image=none|help=no
|filename=Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach - Sonata in Bb major.ogg
|title=Flute Sonata in B-flat major
|description=Performed by Alex Murray (flute) and [[Martha Goldstein]] (harpsichord)
|filename2     = Bach - Flute Sonata Gmin - 1. Allegro.ogg
|title2        = Sonata for Flute or Recorder and Harpsichord in G minor, H 542.5 (BWV 1020) – 1. Allegro
|description2  =
|filename3    = Bach - Flute Sonata Gmin - 2. Adagio.ogg
|title3       = Sonata, H 542.5 – 2. Adagio
|description3 =
|filename4    = Bach - Flute Sonata Gmin - 3. Allegro.ogg
|title4       = Sonata, H 542.5 – 3. Allegro
|description4 = All performed by Alex Murray (traverso) and Martha Goldstein (harpsichord)
|filename5=Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach - Sonata in G major.ogg
|title5=Flute Sonata in G major
|description5=Performed by Alex Murray (flute) and Martha Goldstein (harpsichord)
|filename11=Wiki_naxos_8.557450_01_01.ogg
|title11=Keyboard Sonata in D minor, Wq. 51/4, H.128 – I. Allegro assai
|description11=Performed by Christopher Hinterhuber (piano)
}}{{listen|header=Other music by C. P. E. Bach|type=music|image=none|help=no
|filename    = Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach_-_Solfeggietto.ogg
|title       = ''Solfeggietto''
|description =
|filename2=Carl Phillipe Emanuel Bach - Freie Fantasie, F Sharp minor.ogg
|title2=Freie Fantasie, F-sharp minor
|description2=Performed by [[Joan Benson]] (clavichord)
|filename3=Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach- Flute Concerto Gmaj - 1. Allegro.ogg
|title3=Flute Concerto in G major, H. 445 – 1. Allegro
|description3=Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with Constance Schoepflin (flute)
|filename4=Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach- Flute Concerto Gmaj - 2. Largo.ogg
|title4=H. 445 – 2. Largo
|description4=Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with Constance Schoepflin (flute)
|filename5=Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach- Flute Concerto Gmaj - 3. Presto.ogg
|title5=H. 445 – 3. Presto
|description5=Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with Constance Schoepflin (flute)
}}
{{See also|List of compositions by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach|:Category:Compositions by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach}}

===In the ''Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach''===
Works C. P. E. Bach wrote in the ''[[Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach]]'' are: March in D major, BWV Anh. 122; Polonaise in G minor, BWV Anh. 123; March in G major, BWV Anh. 124; Polonaise in G minor, BWV Anh. 125; and "Solo per il cembalo", BWV Anh. 129.

===Symphonies===
Among Bach's most popular and frequently recorded works are his symphonies.{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=[https://cpebach.org/prefaces/symphonies-preface.html Preface: Symphonies]}} While in Berlin, he wrote several string symphonies ([[Alfred Wotquenne|Wq.]] 173–181), most of which were later revised to add parts for wind instruments. Of these, the E minor symphony, Wq. 178, has been particularly popular.

In Hamburg, Bach wrote a major set of six string symphonies for [[Gottfried van Swieten]], Wq. 182 of 1773. These works were not published in his lifetime (van Swieten, who had commissioned them to be written in a more "difficult" style, preferred to retain them for private use),{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=Vol. III/2, Preface}} but since their rediscovery, have become increasingly popular.

However, Bach's best works in the form (by his own estimation){{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=Vol. III/3, Preface}} are assuredly the four ''Orchester-Sinfonien mit zwölf obligaten Stimmen'', Wq. 183, which, as their title suggests, were written with obbligato wind parts that are integral to the texture, rather than being added on to an older string symphony. The first symphony (D major) in the set has been particularly popular, seeing a continuous performance and publication tradition all the way through the 19th century, which makes it the earliest such symphony.{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=Vol. III/3, Preface}} Some of its more unusual features have been taken as characteristic of Bach's style:<ref>Richard Crocker, ''A History of Musical Style''</ref> the work, although it is in D major, begins ''on'' a D major chord, which then turns into a D dominant-seventh chord, outlining ''G'' major. In fact, there is no cadence on D major (D major is not "confirmed" as the key of the piece) until the beginning of the [[recapitulation (music)|recapitulation]], quite late in the piece.

===Concertos===
Bach was a prolific writer of concertos, especially for keyboard. Like his father, he would often transcribe a concerto for various instruments, leading to problems determining which came first. For instance, the three cello concertos (Wq. 170–172), which are cornerstones of that instrument's repertoire, have often been considered to be transcriptions of the harpsichord versions, but recent research has suggested that they might be originally for cello.{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=Vol. III/6, Preface}}

According to Bach, his finest keyboard concertos were the ''Sei concerti per il cembalo concertato'', Wq. 43, which were written to be somewhat more appealing, and somewhat easier to play.{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=Vol. III/8, Preface}} His other concertos were written for [[Oboe Concerto (Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach)|oboe]], flute, and organ. Bach also wrote for more unusual combinations, including an E-flat major concerto for harpsichord {{em|and}} piano. Additionally, he wrote several sonatinas for one or more keyboards and orchestra.

===Chamber music===
Bach's chamber music forms something of a bridge between stereotypically Baroque and Classical forms. On the one hand, he wrote trio sonatas and solo sonatas with basso continuo (including ones for harp and viola da gamba); on the other, he wrote several accompanied sonatas for piano, violin, and cello, which are more or less early [[piano trio]]s, and three very popular quartets for keyboard, flute, and viola. Bach also wrote one of the earliest pieces for solo flute, a sonata that is clearly influenced by his father's [[Partita in A minor for solo flute]], [[BWV]] 1013.

===Keyboard sonatas===
Bach was a prolific writer of keyboard sonatas, many of which were intended for his favored instrument, the [[clavichord]]. During his lifetime, he published more collections of keyboard music than anything else, in the following collections:
* ''Sei sonate per cembalo che all' augusta maestà di Federico II, re di Prussia'', 1742 ("Prussian" sonatas), Wq. 48.
* ''Sei sonate per cembalo, dedicate all' altezza serenissima di Carlo Eugenio, duca di Wirtemberg'', 1744 ("Württemberg" sonatas), Wq. 49.
* ''Achtzehn Probe-Stücke in Sechs Sonaten'', 1753 ("Probestücke" sonatas), Wq. 63.
* ''Sechs Sonaten fürs Clavier mit veränderten Reprisen'', 1760 ("Reprisen" sonatas), Wq. 50.
* ''Fortsetzung von Sechs Sonaten fürs Clavier'', 1761 ("Fortsetzung" sonatas), Wq. 51.
* ''Zweite Fortsetzung von Sechs Sonaten fürs Clavier'', 1763 ("Zweite Fortsetzung" sonatas), Wq. 52.
* ''Sechs Leichte Clavier Sonaten'', 1766 ("Leichte" sonatas), Wq. 53.
* ''Six Sonates pour le Clavecin à l'usage des Dames'', 1770 ("Damen" sonatas), Wq. 54.
* Six collections of ''Clavier Sonaten für Kenner und Liebhaber'', 1779–87 ("Kenner und Liebhaber" sonatas), Wq. 55–59, 61.
Much of Bach's energy during his last years was dedicated to the publication of the "Kenner und Liebhaber" collections (which also include fantasias and rondos, see below).{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc=Vol. I/4, Preface}}

Wq. 64:1–6 are six [[sonatina]]s for keyboard, and Wq. 65:1–50 are fifty further keyboard sonatas. The Sonata in E-flat major, Wq.&nbsp;65:7, is based on ''Solo per il cembalo'', {{nowrap|BWV Anh. III 129}}, No. 27 in [[List of pieces in the second Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach|the second Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach]].<ref>[[Bach Digital|Bach Digital Work]] {{BDW|1440}}</ref>

===Other keyboard works===
Easily Bach's best-known piece is the ''[[Solfeggietto]]'', Wq. 117/2, to the point that the introduction to ''The Essential C. P. E. Bach'' is subtitled "Beyond the Solfeggio in C Minor".<ref>"Introduction: Beyond the Solfeggio in C minor", p. xiii, [https://cpebach.org/toc/toc-Essential.html ''The Essential C. P. E. Bach''] (2014), Paul Corneilson (ed.) {{ISBN|978-1-938325-34-2}}</ref> Several of Bach's other miscellaneous keyboard works have gained fame, including the character piece ''[[La Caroline (Bach)|La Caroline]]'' and the Fantasia in F-sharp minor, Wq. 67. Bach's fantasias, in particular, have been considered to show him at his most characteristic: they are full of dramatic silences, harmonic surprises, and perpetually varied figuration.

Bach published three major collections of miscellaneous keyboard works during his lifetime: the ''Clavierstücke verschiedener Art'', Wq. 112 of 1765, and the ''Kurze und Leichte Clavierstücke'' collections, Wq. 113–114 of 1766. The former includes songs, fantasias, dances, sonatas, fugues, and even a symphony and concerto for solo piano (Bach was later to publish an entire collection of keyboard versions of his symphonies).

He also wrote a set of six sonatas for the organ of [[Frederick the Great]]'s sister [[Anna Amalia, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Anna Amalia]].

===Music for mechanical instruments===
{{listen|type=music|image=none|help=no
|header={{lang|de|Stücke für Spieluhren auch Drehorgeln}} [pieces for music boxes and [[barrel organ]]s]
|filename    = Flötenuhr_D-Dur_CPE_Bach_Wq193_2.ogg
|title = Tune for musical clock in D Major, Wq. 193/02
|filename2=Flötenuhr c-moll CPE Bach Wq193 04.ogg
|title2=Tune for musical clock in C Minor, Wq. 193/04
|filename3=Flötenuhr_E-Dur_CPE_Bach_Wq193_06.ogg
|title3=Tune for musical clock in E Major, Wq. 193/06
|filename4=Flötenuhr B-Dur CPE Bach Wq193 08.ogg
|title4=Tune for musical clock in B Major, Wq. 193/08
|filename5=CPE Bach193.11.ogg
|title5=Tune for musical clock, Wq. 193/11
|filename6=Spieluhr CPE Bach Wq193 12.ogg
|title6=Tune for music box, Wq. 193/12
}}
Mechanical instruments such as the [[music box]] and [[musical clock]] were popular at the Prussian court, and C. P. E. Bach wrote thirty original compositions for these instruments, grouped together as Wq. 193.{{sfn|''Complete Works''|loc="Cramer and Sturm Songs", ser. VI, v. 2., p. xxiii}}<ref>Shepherd, John.  ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pJvzEzjahkQC&pg=PA325 Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World]'', Vol. II, p. 325 (A&C Black, 2003).</ref> At that time, Bach was court musician to King Frederick the Great at Potsdam; the King, who was intrigued by mechanically reproduced music, had mechanical organ clocks built for the City Castle of Potsdam and for the [[New Palace (Potsdam)|New Palais]].<ref>Altman, Ludvig. [https://archive.org/details/welltemperedmusical00altmrich/page/n9/mode/2up ''A Well-tempered Musician's Unfinished Journey Through Life: oral history transcript''], University of California Berkeley, 1990, 125b. Via [[Internet Archive]]</ref>

===Choral works===
Throughout his lifetime, Bach worked on the ''[[Magnificat (C. P. E. Bach)|Magnificat in D]]'', Wq. 215. J. S. Bach was alive to hear it in 1749, and C. P. E. continued to revise and perform it as late as 1786. The work clearly shows the influence of J.S. Bach's own [[Magnificat (Bach)|Magnificat]], including the striking resemblance of the ''Deposuit'' movements in both works.

His other important choral works include the ''Heilig'' (German Sanctus), Wq. 217, which he performed together with the ''Credo'' from his Father's [[Mass in B minor]], the oratorios ''[[Die Israeliten in der Wüste]]'', Wq. 238 and ''[[Die Auferstehung und Himmelfahrt Jesu]]'', Wq. 240, and [[Passions (C. P. E. Bach)|21 Passions]].