Editing Carillon (section)

===Sound===
{{Further|Bellfounding|Campanology}}

Carillons produce sound by striking stationary bells, categorizing them as [[percussion idiophone]]s in the [[Hornbostel–Sachs]] classification of musical instruments (111.242.222&nbsp;– sets of bells with internal strikers).<ref>{{cite web |author1-last=Von Hornbostel |author1-first=Erich |author1-link=Erich von Hornbostel |author2-last=Sachs |author2-first=Curt |author2-link=Curt Sachs |editor-last=Guizzi |editor-first=Febo |translator1-last=Baines |translator1-first=Anthony |translator1-link=Anthony Baines |translator2-last=Wachsmann |translator2-first=Klaus |translator2-link=Klaus Wachsmann |title=Classification of Musical Instruments |year=2018 |publisher=Fondazione Ugo e Olga Levi Onlus |page=11 |url=https://www.suonoeimmagine.unito.it/SAMIC/HS_REF_EN_v01_072018.pdf |access-date=2021-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028165738/https://www.suonoeimmagine.unito.it/SAMIC/HS_REF_EN_v01_072018.pdf}}</ref> Carillon bells are made of [[bell bronze]], a specialized copper–tin alloy used for its above-average rigidity and [[Acoustic resonance|resonance]].{{sfnm|Rombouts|2014|1p=45|Johnston|1986|2p=40}} A bell's profile (shape) and weight determine its note and the quality of its tone. Therefore, apart from changes in its profile, such as chipping or corrosion, a bell will never lose its original sound.{{sfn|Price|1983|p=210}} It produces a sound with [[overtone]]s, also known as partial tones, which are not necessarily harmonically related.{{sfn|Gouwens|2013|pp=72–73}} To produce a pleasing, harmonically related series of tones, the bell's profile must be carefully adjusted. [[Bellfounder]]s typically focus on five principal tones when [[Musical tuning|tuning]], most notably the [[minor third]] overtone called the tierce, which gives rise to the unique sound of carillons and has been the subject of further research, such as the [[Bell#Major third bell|major third bell]].{{sfn|Lehr|2005|pp=37–42, 50–51}} Since the casting process does not reliably produce perfectly tuned bells, they are cast slightly thicker and metal is shaved off with a [[lathe]].{{sfn|Lehr|2005|pp=37–40}} On older European carillons, bells were tuned with each other by using the [[meantone temperament]] tuning system. Modern carillons, particularly those in North America, are tuned to [[equal temperament]].{{sfn|Brink|2017}}

{{Listen
| header       = Carillon sound sample
| type         = music
| filename     = O Canada and God Save the King instrumental 1927.ogg
| title        = "O Canada" and "God Save the King"
| description  = The [[Peace Tower Carillon]] at the [[Parliament Hill|Canadian parliament]], playing in 1927
| filename2    = Fixed Pattern of Distant Stars by Tiffany Ng and Jen Wang.ogg
| title2       =  ''Fixed Pattern of Distant Stars''
| description2 = The [[Sather Tower|Class of 1928 Carillon]] at [[University of California, Berkeley]], playing in 2011
}}

The carillon has a [[dynamic range#Music|dynamic range]] similar to a piano, if not more versatile. Through variation of touch, performers can express many volumes. The larger the bell, the larger its dynamic range. Bigger bells will also sound naturally louder than smaller, higher-pitched bells.{{sfn|Brink|2017}}

Along with [[List of pipe organs#The largest pipe organs in the world|pipe organs]], carillons are among the world's heaviest musical instruments. Most carillons weigh (counting only the weight of the bells) between {{convert|4.5|and|15|MT|ST}}, with extremes ranging from very light {{convert|1|MT|ST}} instruments to the world's heaviest at over {{convert|91|MT|ST}}—the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Carillon of the [[Riverside Church]] in New York City, US.{{sfn|Rombouts|2014|p=310}} Its [[bourdon (bell)|bourdon]], or largest bell, is the largest tuned bell ever cast for a carillon. It sounds a full octave below most other bourdons.{{sfn|Rombouts|2014|p=221}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Carillon |website=Music at Riverside |publisher=[[Riverside Church]] |url=https://www.trcnyc.org/music/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |url-status=live |archive-date=2020-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203204255/https://www.trcnyc.org/music/}}</ref> The entire ensemble of fixed and swinging bells, clappers, and steel framework weighs more than {{convert|226|MT|ST}}.<ref>{{cite report |title=The Riverside Church |publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] |date=2000-05-16 |page=7 |url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2037.pdf |access-date=2021-05-05 |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316010628/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2037.pdf}}</ref>