Editing Cardinal Richelieu (section)

==New World==
When Richelieu came to power, [[New France]], where the French had a foothold since [[Jacques Cartier]], had no more than 100 permanent European inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cercle-richelieu-senghor.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98|title=Cercle Richelieu Senghor de Paris – Tribune internationale de la francophonie|website=www.cercle-richelieu-senghor.org|access-date=10 September 2014|archive-date=30 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030221945/http://www.cercle-richelieu-senghor.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98|url-status=live}}</ref> Richelieu encouraged Louis XIII to colonize the Americas by the foundation of the ''[[Company of One Hundred Associates|Compagnie de la Nouvelle France]]'' in imitation of the [[Dutch West India Company]]. Unlike the other colonial powers, France encouraged a peaceful coexistence in New France between natives and colonists and sought the integration of Indians into colonial society.<ref>"Le grand atout de la France est d’avoir mis en place des conditions favorisant les établissements stables, grâce aux alliances avec les peuples autochtones." Cercle Richelieu [http://www.cercle-richelieu-senghor.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030221945/http://www.cercle-richelieu-senghor.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98|date=30 October 2014}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2019}}<ref>Kenneth M. Morrison, The Embattled Northeast: The Elusive Ideal of Alliance in Abenaki-Euramerican Relations, 1984, p. 94 [https://archive.org/details/embattlednorthea00kenn/page/94 <!-- quote=richelieu integration indians. -->]</ref> [[Samuel de Champlain]], governor of New France at the time of Richelieu, saw intermarriage between French and Indians as a solution to increase population in its colony.<ref>Roger L. Nichols, Indians in the United States and Canada: A Comparative History, 1999, p. 32 [https://books.google.com/books?id=xDptolIJzuMC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511211323/https://books.google.com/books/about/Indians_in_the_United_States_and_Canada.html?id=xDptolIJzuMC&redir_esc=y|date=11 May 2016}}</ref> Under the guidance of Richelieu, Louis XIII issued the [[Ordonnance]] of 1627 by which the Indians, converted to Catholicism, were considered as "natural Frenchmen":

{{blockquote|The descendants of the French who are accustomed to this country [New France], together with all the Indians who will be brought to the knowledge of the faith and will profess it, shall be deemed and renowned natural Frenchmen, and as such may come to live in France when they want, and acquire, donate, and succeed and accept donations and legacies, just as true French subjects, without being required to take letters of declaration of naturalization.<ref>Acte pour l'établissement de la Compagnie des Cent Associés pour le commerce du Canada, contenant les articles accordés à la dite Compagnie par M. le Cardinal de Richelieu, le 29 avril 1627 [http://notrehistoire.net/textes_histoire_droit/CN_Memoire.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821130904/http://notrehistoire.net/textes_histoire_droit/CN_Memoire.pdf |date=21 August 2016 }}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}}

The [[1666 census of New France]], conducted some 20 years after the death of Cardinal Richelieu, showed a population of 3,215 ''habitants'' in New France, many more than there had been only a few decades earlier, but also a great difference in the number of men (2,034) and women (1,181).<ref name = Talon>{{cite web|title= Statistics for the 1666 Census|url= http://amicus.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aaweb-bin/aamain/itemdisp?sessionKey=999999999_142&l=0&d=2&v=0&lvl=1&itm=30327415|publisher= Library and Archives Canada|year= 2006|access-date= 24 June 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150904053654/http://amicus.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aaweb-bin/aamain/itemdisp?sessionKey=999999999_142&l=0&d=2&v=0&lvl=1&itm=30327415|archive-date= 4 September 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref>