Editing Cannabis edible (section)

== Effects ==
Ingesting cannabis may produce effects that last longer and can be more intense than inhaling cannabis.<ref name="Gaines"/><ref name=":10" /> Different edible formats of cannabinoids may affect the rate of cannabinoid digestion and metabolism, which vary among people.<ref name="Gaines"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=House|first=Hemp|title=How Long Does CBD Oil Take to Work for Anxiety?|url=https://hemphousenc.com/blog/f/how-long-does-cbd-oil-take-to-work-for-anxiety|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Hemp House|language=en-PK|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016151851/https://hemphousenc.com/blog/f/how-long-does-cbd-oil-take-to-work-for-anxiety|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Huestis2005">{{cite book | vauthors = Huestis MA | title = Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the plant cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol | chapter = Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids, Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannibinol, Cannabidiol and Cannabinol | series = Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology | volume = 168 | issue = 168 | pages = 657–90 |year = 2005 | pmid = 16596792 | doi = 10.1007/3-540-26573-2_23 | isbn = 3-540-22565-X }}</ref> Generally, edible cannabis products are digested more slowly than occurs for [[aerosol]] products.<ref name="Huestis2005" /> Oral administration generally leads to two peaks of concentration, due to [[enterohepatic circulation]].<ref name="Huestis2005" /> Common [[side effect]]s of ingesting edibles include increased appetite, dry mouth, and bloodshot eyes.

=== Possible health effects ===
Cannabis edibles contain both [[Delta-9-THC|delta 9 THC]], which is responsible for the psychotropic properties of feeling relaxed and euphoric, and [[Cannabidiol|CBD]], which may have effects without the psychoactive properties.<ref name=":02">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ciccone CD | title = Medical Marijuana: Just the Beginning of a Long, Strange Trip? | journal = Physical Therapy | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 239–248 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 27660328 | doi = 10.2522/ptj.20160367 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Such effects may include [[Analgesic|analgesia]], decreased [[inflammation]], decreased [[spasticity]], and anti-seizure effects.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fasinu PS, Phillips S, ElSohly MA, Walker LA | title = Current Status and Prospects for Cannabidiol Preparations as New Therapeutic Agents | journal = Pharmacotherapy | volume = 36 | issue = 7 | pages = 781–96 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27285147 | doi = 10.1002/phar.1780 | s2cid = 4880700 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Cannabis edibles with CBD can decrease symptoms of psychosis and anxiety.<ref name=":02" /> Edible oils, tinctures, pills, and gummies have been prescribed to people with cancer to potentially improve poor appetite, pain, or weight loss.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maida V, Daeninck PJ | title = A user's guide to cannabinoid therapies in oncology | journal = Current Oncology | volume = 23 | issue = 6 | pages = 398–406 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 28050136 | pmc = 5176373 | doi = 10.3747/co.23.3487 }}</ref> Cannabis edibles may be effective for [[muscle spasm]]s and pain.<ref name = "Borgelt_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS | title = The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis | journal = Pharmacotherapy | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 195–209 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23386598 | doi = 10.1002/phar.1187 | s2cid = 8503107 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

=== Possible side effects ===
Some users of cannabis have reported adverse effects, such as [[confusion]], [[hallucination]]s, [[panic attack]]s, [[paranoia]], and intense psychotic effects.<ref name=":02" /> Cannabis may cause short-term impairments in cognition, memory, alertness, coordination, and balance which can increase risk of falls, especially in older people, and make driving a car dangerous.<ref name=":02" />

Overdoses may occur because the dosage of THC in edibles is impossible to determine without specialized lab equipment and it varies from product to product.<ref name = "Borgelt_2013" /> Some or all legalized U.S. states require packaged edibles to have dosage on the label;<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lewis B, Fleeger T, Judge B, Riley B, Jones JS |title=Acute toxicity associated with cannabis edibles following decriminalization of marijuana in Michigan|volume=46|year=2021|pages=732–735|journal=[[American Journal of Emergency Medicine]]|doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.077|pmid=33036859|s2cid=222257151|quote=all [legalized] states require labeling}}</ref> for instance California AB266 requires labeling to include "THC and other cannabinoid amount in milligrams per serving, servings per package, and the THC and other cannabinoid amount in milligrams for the package total",<ref>{{citation|title=Edible marijuana labeling and packaging|journal=[[Clinical Pediatrics]]|year=2018|volume=57|number=2|pages=227–230|author1=Tsutaoka, Araya-Rodriguez |author2=Durrani |doi=10.1177/0009922817691824|pmid=28952346|s2cid=43148336}}</ref><ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB266 California AB266, section 19347] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125073740/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB266 |date=25 January 2022 }}, California Legislature official website. Retrieved 21 April 2022</ref> and states have required the recall of incorrectly labeled products.<ref>{{citation|title=Weed edibles recalled for being too strong|newspaper=[[Westword]]|location=Denver|date=11 February 2021|last=Mitchell|first=Thomas|url=https://www.westword.com/marijuana/incredibles-chocolate-bars-recalled-over-mislabeling-potency-11897839|access-date=21 April 2022|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028213612/https://www.westword.com/marijuana/incredibles-chocolate-bars-recalled-over-mislabeling-potency-11897839|url-status=live}}</ref> Overdoses can cause behavioral impairments, such as [[paranoia]], impaired mobility, and [[nausea]].<ref name="Borgelt_2013" /> Other risks, as a result of regular long-term cannabis use, include harmful effects to brain development, heart function, memory and cognition, and psychiatric health.<ref name="Borgelt_2013" />

Long-term recreational marijuana use can cause cognitive impairments and also lead to [[cannabis use disorder]] (CUD).<ref name=":02" /> Symptoms of CUD include lack of motivation, decreased concentration, and loss of interest in other activities, tolerance, and dependence.<ref name=":02" />