Editing Camillo Golgi (section)

===Nervous system===
[[Image:Golgi Hippocampus.jpg|thumb|Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a [[hippocampus]] stained with the silver nitrate method]]
In 1871, a German anatomist [[Joseph von Gerlach]] postulated that the brain is a complex "protoplasmic network", in the form of a continuous network called the reticulum. Using his black reaction, Golgi could trace various regions of the cerebro-spinal axis, clearly distinguishing the different nervous projections, namely [[axon]] from the [[dendrite]]s. He drew up a new classification of cells on the basis of the structure of their nervous prolongation. He described an extremely dense and intricate network, composed of a web of intertwined branches of axons coming from different cell layers ("diffuse nervous network"). This network structure, which emerges from the axons, is essentially different from that hypothesized by Gerlach. It was the main organ of the central nervous system according to Golgi. Thus, Golgi presented the [[reticular theory]] which states that the brain is a single network of nerve fibres, and not of discrete cells.<ref name="Marina Bentivoglio">{{cite web |author=Marina Bentivoglio |title=Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/golgi-article.html |work=Nobelprize.org |publisher= Nobel Media |date=20 April 1998 |access-date=23 August 2013 }}</ref><ref name=cimi>{{cite journal |author= Cimino G |title= Reticular theory versus neuron theory in the work of Camillo Golgi |journal= Physis Riv Int Stor Sci |volume= 36|issue= 2 | pages= 431–472 |year= 1999 |pmid= 11640243}}</ref> Although Golgi's earlier works between 1873 and 1885 clearly depicted the axonal connections of [[cerebellar cortex]] and [[olfactory bulb]] as independent of one another, his later works including the Nobel Lecture showed the entire granular layer of the cerebellar cortex occupied by a network of branching and anastomosing nerve processes. This was due to his strong conviction in the reticular theory.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Raviola E, Mazzarello P|title=The diffuse nervous network of Camillo Golgi: facts and fiction |journal=Brain Res Rev |volume=66 |issue=1–2 | pages=75–82 |year=2011 |pmid=20840856 |doi= 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.09.005|s2cid=11871228 }}</ref><ref name="Marina Bentivoglio"/> Golgi's theory was challenged by Ramón y Cajal, who used the same technique developed by Golgi. According to Ramón y Cajal's [[Neuron doctrine|neurone theory]], the nervous system is but a collection of individual cells, the neurones, which are interconnected to form a network.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bock|first1=Ortwin|title=Cajal, Golgi, Nansen, Schäfer and the Neuron Doctrine|journal=Endeavour|date=2013|volume=37|issue=4|pages=228–234|doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2013.06.006|pmid=23870749}}</ref>

In addition to this, Golgi was the first to give clear descriptions of the structure of the [[cerebellum]], [[hippocampus]], [[spinal cord]], [[Olfactory bulb|olfactory lobe]], as well as [[Striatum|striatal]] and cortical lesions in a case of [[chorea]]. In 1878, he also discovered a receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension, and is now known as [[Golgi tendon organ]] or Golgi receptor; and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles (pressure transductors).<ref name="mazz98">{{cite journal|last1=Mazzarello|first1=P.|title=Camillo Golgi (1843–1926)|journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry|date=1998|volume=64|issue=2|pages=212|doi=10.1136/jnnp.64.2.212|pmid=9489532|pmc=2169935}}</ref> He further developed a stain specific for [[myelin]] (a specialised membrane which wraps around the axon) using [[potassium dichromate]] and [[mercuric chloride]]. Using this he discovered the myelin annular apparatus, often called the horny funnel of Golgi-Rezzonico.<ref name="mazz99"/>