Editing Caerleon (section)

===Norman era===
A [[Norman architecture|Norman]]-style [[motte and bailey]] castle was built outside the eastern corner of the old Roman fort, possibly by the Welsh Lord of Caerleon, [[Caradog ap Gruffydd]]. The [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 recorded that a small colony of eight [[carucates]] of land (about 1.5 square miles) in the jurisdiction of Caerleon, seemingly just within the Welsh Lordship of [[Gwynllwg]], was held by [[Turstin FitzRolf]], standard bearer to William the Conqueror at Hastings, subject to [[William d'Ecouis]], a magnate of unknown antecedents with lands in Hereford, Norfolk and other counties.<ref name=domesday>{{cite web |url=http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/ |title=The Domesday Book Online |website=www.domesdaybook.co.uk}}</ref> Also listed on the manor were three Welshmen with as many ploughs and carucates, who continued their Welsh customs (''leges Walensi viventes'').<ref name=domesday/> Caerleon itself may have remained in Welsh hands, or may have changed hands frequently.<ref name="caerbaer">{{cite web |last=Jermyn |first=Anthony |year=2010 |title=4: Caerleon through the centuries to the year 2000 |url=http://www.acanterthroughcaerleon.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=58 |access-date=13 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620143235/http://www.acanterthroughcaerleon.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=58 |archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref>

From the apparent banishment of Turstin by William II, Turstin's lands were transferred in 1088 by [[Wynebald de Ballon]], brother of [[Hamelin de Ballon]] who held [[Abergavenny]] further up the River Usk. At about the same time, Wynebald's lands may have passed via his daughter to Henry Newmarch,<ref>B.L. Harley 4757, f.7</ref>{{full citation needed|date=September 2021}} possible illegitimate son of [[Bernard de Newmarch]],<ref>{{cite report |last1=Newmarch |first1=George Frederick |last2=Newmarch |first2=Charles H. |title=The Newmarch Pedigree |quote=Verified by public records, authentic manuscripts, and general and local histories |place=Cirencester, UK |year=1868 |page=2}} Contains scanty information, not sourced to any ancient records.</ref> c. 1155 the Welsh Lord of Caerleon, Morgan ab Owain, grandson of King Caradog ap Gruffudd, was recognized by [[Henry II of England|Henry II]].<ref name=hywel>{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Robert Thomas |year=1959 |section-url=http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/s-MORG-APH-1210.html |section=Morgan ap Hywel |title=[[Dictionary of Welsh Biography]] |publisher=Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion |access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref> Subsequently, Caerleon continued in Welsh hands, subject to occasional battles with the Normans. Caerleon was an important market and port and possibly became a [[borough]] by 1171, although no independent charters exist. In 1171 Iorwerth ab Owain and his two sons destroyed the town of Caerleon and burned the Castle. Both castle and borough were seized by [[William Marshal]] from [[Morgan ap Hywel]] in 1217 and Caerleon castle was rebuilt in stone. The remains of many of the old Roman buildings stood to some height{{clarify|date=July 2023}} until this time and were probably demolished for their building materials.