Editing CNO cycle (section)

=== CNO-IV ===
[[Image:NuclearReaction.svg|thumb|A proton reacts with a nucleus causing release of an alpha particle.]]
Like the CNO-III, this branch is also only significant in massive stars. The reactions are started when one of the reactions in CNO-III results in fluorine-19 and a photon instead of nitrogen-15 and an alpha particle, and continues
:{{Separated entries|
{{nuclide|oxygen|18|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|fluorine|19|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|oxygen|16|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|fluorine|17|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|oxygen|17|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|fluorine|18|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|oxygen|18|link=yes}}|separator=&nbsp;→&nbsp;}}

In detail:

:{| border="0"
|{{nuclide|oxygen|18}}&nbsp;|| +&nbsp;||{{nuclide|hydrogen|1}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|fluorine|19}}&nbsp;|| +&nbsp;||{{math|{{SubatomicParticle|Gamma}}}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;|| +&nbsp;||{{val|7.994|u=MeV}}
|-
|{{nuclide|fluorine|19}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{nuclide|hydrogen|1}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|oxygen|16}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{nuclide|helium|4}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{val|8.114|u=MeV}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{nuclide|oxygen|16}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{nuclide|hydrogen|1}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|fluorine|17}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{math|{{SubatomicParticle|Gamma}}}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{val|0.60|u=MeV}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{nuclide|fluorine|17}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|oxygen|17}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|Positron}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{math|{{SubatomicParticle|Electron Neutrino}}}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{val|2.76|u=MeV}}||(half-life of 64.49 seconds)
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{nuclide|oxygen|17}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{nuclide|hydrogen|1}}&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|fluorine|18}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{math|{{SubatomicParticle|Gamma}}}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{val|5.61|u=MeV}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{nuclide|fluorine|18}}&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||→&nbsp;||{{nuclide|oxygen|18}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{SubatomicParticle|Positron}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{math|{{SubatomicParticle|Electron Neutrino}}}}&nbsp;||+&nbsp;||{{val|1.656|u=MeV}}||(half-life of 109.771 minutes)
|- style="height:2em;"
|}


In some instances {{nuclide|fluorine|18}} can combine with a helium nucleus to start a neon-sodium cycle, in which:<ref>{{cite web |url = https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/31144835.pdf |title = The neon-sodium cycle: Study of the 22Ne(p, γ)23Na reaction at astrophysical energies |first = Rosanna |last = Depalo |access-date = 16 April 2020 |archive-date = 28 July 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200728182717/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/31144835.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Depalo |first=R |last2=LUNA collaboration |date=2016-01-05 |title=Towards a study of 22 Ne(p γ ) 23 Na at LUNA |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/665/1/012017 |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |volume=665 |pages=012017 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/665/1/012017 |issn=1742-6588|hdl=2434/931202 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

{{Separated entries|
{{nuclide|neon|20|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|sodium|21|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|neon|21|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|sodium|22|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|neon|22|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|sodium|23|link=yes}}|{{nuclide|neon|20|link=yes}}|separator=&nbsp;→&nbsp;}}

The sodium-23 can also turn into magesium-24 after proton bombardment, initiating the magnesium-aluminum cycle.