Editing Bungee jumping (section)

== Modern sport ==
The first modern bungee jumps were made on 1 April 1979 from the {{convert|250|ft|m|adj=on|order=flip}} [[Clifton Suspension Bridge]] in [[Bristol]], England, by David Kirke<ref name="thetimes/DK">{{cite news |title=David Kirke obituary |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/david-kirke-obituary-2qjllsxl0 |access-date=23 September 2024 |work=[[thetimes.com]] |date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and Simon Keeling,<ref name="MyUser_BBC_November_10_2014c">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-29819029 |title=World's 'first' bungee jump in Bristol, England, captured on film |publisher=BBC |date=10 November 2014 |access-date=10 November 2014 |archive-date=10 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110150626/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-29819029 |url-status=live }}</ref> members of the [[Oxford University]] [[Dangerous Sports Club]],<ref name="ou/DSC">{{Cite magazine
| url = https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2004/02/oxford-university-dangerous-sports-club<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20150412230626/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2004/02/oxford-university-dangerous-sports-club -->
| title = The Muddled Legacy of Oxford University's Dangerous Sports Club
| last = Martin
| first = Brett
| magazine = Vanity Fair
| date = 5 August 2013
| access-date = 28 February 2016
}}</ref> and [[Geoff Tabin]],<ref name="pbs.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/blogs/secretlife/health-science/geoff-tabin/|title=Geoff Tabin – Secret Life of Scientists and Engineers|website=Secret Life of Scientists and Engineers|date=25 March 2014 |publisher=PBS|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312053944/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/blogs/secretlife/health-science/geoff-tabin/|url-status=live}}</ref> a professional climber who tied the ropes for the jump.<ref>Aerial Extreme Sports (2008). [http://library.thinkquest.org/C0123122/historybungee.htm ''History of Bungee'']. Retrieved 17 October 2008. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728105941/http://library.thinkquest.org/C0123122/historybungee.htm |date=28 July 2011 }}</ref> The students had come up with the idea after discussing the "[[Land diving|vine jumping]]" ritual of [[Vanuatu]].<ref name="pbs.org" /> The jumpers were arrested shortly after, but continued with jumps in the US from the [[Golden Gate Bridge]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Oxford University Dangerous Sports Club Golden Gate Bridge |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/oxford-university-dangerous-sports-club-golden-gate-bridge |website=[[Getty Images]] |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> and the [[Royal Gorge Bridge]]. The last jump was sponsored by and televised on the American programme ''[[That's Incredible]]'', spreading the concept worldwide. By 1982, Kirk and Keelling were jumping from mobile cranes and hot air balloons.<ref name="MyUser_BBC_November_10_2014c"></ref>

Colorado climbers Mike Munger and Charlie Fowler may have bungee-jumped earlier in Eldorado Springs, CO in 1977.  Both were cutting-edge alpinists, preparing for a trip to Monte Fitzroy in Patagonia by simulating long falls onto a springy, {{convert|150|ft|m|order=flip|adj=on}} nylon climbing rope.  They scrambled up to a large tree at the top of the {{cvt|700|ft|m|order=flip}} wall, above a severely overhanging climb  appropriately named "Diving Board", and tied one end of the rope into the tree.  With a piece of flat seat belt webbing around his waist and some homemade leg loops, Mike tied into the other end of the rope and, after no small amount of trepidation, he jumped.  He then ascended the rope mechanically to the tree and untied, and then tied in and jumped. The total fall was about {{cvt|130|ft|m|order=flip}}.<ref>{{Cite book
  |last=Roberts|first=David
  |title=Moments of Doubt
  |publisher=The Mountaineers
  |year=1986|pages=218}}</ref>
[[File:Jump from nevis bungee platform.jpg|thumb|Jump from [[Nevis Highwire Platform]] in New Zealand]]
Organised commercial<ref name="eoNZ/ajH">{{cite news |title=Allan John 'AJ' Hackett |url=https://www.eyesonnewzealand.com/stories/allan-john-aj-hackett-onzm |access-date=23 September 2024 |work=Eyes On New Zealand - www.eyesonnewzealand.com |date=May 30, 2024}}</ref> bungee jumping began with the New Zealander, [[A. J. Hackett]], who made his first jump from [[Auckland]]'s [[Upper Harbour Bridge|Greenhithe Bridge]] in 1986.<ref name="CANHACKET">{{Cite news|title=Can you Hackett?|url=http://unlimited.co.nz/unlimited.nsf/default/E71409A1DAE3EA24CC256EEC0010D618|access-date=20 July 2010|newspaper=Unlimited – Inspiring Business|date=23 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717133251/http://unlimited.co.nz/unlimited.nsf/default/E71409A1DAE3EA24CC256EEC0010D618|archive-date=17 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the following years, Hackett performed a number of jumps from bridges and other structures (including the [[Eiffel Tower]]), building public interest in the sport, and opening the world's first permanent commercial bungee site, the Kawarau Bridge Bungy at the [[Kawarau Gorge Suspension Bridge]] near [[Queenstown, New Zealand|Queenstown]] in the [[South Island]] of New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bungy.co.nz/index.php/pi_pageid/17 |title=AJ Hackett Bungy |publisher=Bungy.co.nz |access-date=18 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014061816/http://bungy.co.nz/index.php/pi_pageid/17 |archive-date=2008-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hackett remains one of the largest commercial operators, with concerns in several countries.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}

Several million successful jumps have taken place since 1980. This safety record is attributable to bungee operators rigorously conforming to standards and guidelines governing jumps, such as double checking calculations and fittings for every jump.{{Citation needed|date=December 2013}} As with any sport, injuries can still occur (see below), and there have been fatalities. A relatively common mistake in fatality cases is to use a cord that is too long. The cord should be substantially shorter than the height of the [[jumping platform]] to allow it room to stretch. When the cord becomes taut and then is stretched, the tension in the cord progressively increases, building up its [[potential energy]]. Initially the tension is less than the jumper's weight and the jumper continues to accelerate downwards. At some point, the tension equals the jumper's weight and the acceleration is temporarily zero.  With further stretching, the jumper has an increasing upward acceleration and at some point has zero vertical velocity before recoiling upward.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}

The [[Bloukrans Bridge|Bloukrans River Bridge]] was the first bridge to be used as a bungee jump launch spot in Africa when Face Adrenalin introduced bungee jumping to the African continent in 1990. [[Bloukrans Bridge Bungy]] has been operated commercially by Face Adrenalin since 1997, and is the highest commercial bridge bungee in the world.<ref name="My Destination Website">{{Cite web |title=Bungee Jumping at the Bloukrans Bridge |url=https://www.myguidegardenroute.com/things-to-do/bungee-jumping-at-the-bloukrans-bridge |website=My Guide Garden Route |access-date=18 November 2022|language=en|archive-date=18 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118165639/https://www.myguidegardenroute.com/things-to-do/bungee-jumping-at-the-bloukrans-bridge|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008, Carl Dionisio of Durban performed a 30 meter bungee jump attached to a cord made of 18,500 condoms.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/bunjee-jumper-condoms-rope|newspaper=Trendhunter |title=Bungee Condoms }}</ref>
He currently runs the only Ocean Touch bungee jump in the World at Calheta Beach in Madeira, Portugal, and claims to be the only person operating in the bungee industry single-handed. 
He holds the world record for being the only person to bungee jump while driving a tower crane at the same time, something that he has done hundreds of times since 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://algarvedailynews.com/lifestyle/12506-world-record-bungy-jump-at-albufeira-marina|title=World record bungy jump at Albufeira Marina|newspaper=Algarve Daily News}}</ref>