Editing Bromeliaceae (section)

==Classification ==
The family Bromeliaceae is currently placed in the order [[Poales]].

===Subfamilies===
The family Bromeliaceae is organized into eight subfamilies:<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Givnish|first1=Thomas|last2=Millam|first2=Kendra|last3=Berry|first3=Paul|last4=Sytsma|first4=Kenneth|title=Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography of Bromeliaceae Inferred from ndhF Sequence Data|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237426562|journal=Aliso|volume=23|issue=1|year=2007|pages=3–26|issn=2327-2929|doi=10.5642/aliso.20072301.04|doi-access=free}}</ref>

*[[Brocchinioideae]]
*[[Lindmanioideae]]
*[[Tillandsioideae]]
*[[Hechtioideae]]
*[[Navioideae]]
*[[Pitcairnioideae]]
*[[Puyoideae]]
*[[Bromelioideae]]

Bromeliaceae were originally split into three subfamilies based on morphological seed characters: Bromelioideae (seeds in [[Berry|baccate]] fruits), Tillandsioideae (plumose seeds), and Pitcairnioideae (seeds with wing-like appendages).<ref>{{Cite book |title = Flora Neotropica: Monograph 14 |vauthors=Smith LB, Downs RJ |date = 1974|editor= New York Botanical Garden |volume=2 |publisher=Hafner Press |location=New York}}</ref> However, molecular evidence has revealed that while Bromelioideae and Tillandsioideae are monophyletic, Pitcairnioideae as traditionally defined is [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url =http://repository.uwyo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=botany_facpub |title = Examination of subfamilial phylogeny in Bromeliaceae using comparative sequencing of the plastid locus ndhF|last = Terry|first = Randall|date = 1997|journal = American Journal of Botany|doi = 10.2307/2445903|pmid =21708619|volume=84|issue = 5|pages = 664–670|jstor = 2445903|hdl = 20.500.11919/753|hdl-access = free}}</ref> and should be split into six subfamilies: Brocchinioideae, Lindmanioideae, Hechtioideae, Navioideae, Pitcairnioideae, and Puyoideae.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Genetics, evolution and conservation of Bromeliaceae|last = Zanella|first = Camila|date = 2012|journal = Genetics and Molecular Biology|doi = 10.1590/s1415-47572012000600017|pmid = 23412953|volume=35|issue = 4 suppl 1|pages=1020–1026|pmc = 3571438}}</ref>

Brocchinioideae is defined as the most basal branch of Bromeliaceae based on both morphological and molecular evidence, namely genes in chloroplast DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Molecular phylogenetics of Bromeliaceae: evidence from trnL (UAA) intron sequences of the chloroplast genome|last = Horres|first = Ralf|date = 2000|journal = Plant Biology|doi =10.1055/s-2000-3700|volume=2|issue = 3|pages=306–315}}</ref>

Lindmanioideae is the next most basal branch distinguished from the other subfamilies by convolute sepals and chloroplast DNA.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url = http://repository.uwyo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=botany_facpub|title = Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny|last = Givnish|first = Thomas|date = 2011|journal = American Journal of Botany|doi = 10.3732/ajb.1000059 |pmid =21613186|volume=98|issue = 5|pages=872–895|hdl = 2027.42/142109|hdl-access = free}}</ref>

Hechtioideae is also defined based on analyses of chloroplast DNA; similar morphological adaptations to arid environments also found in other groups (namely the genus ''[[Puya (plant)|Puya]])'' are attributed to [[convergent evolution]].<ref name=":0" />

Navioideae is split from Pitcairnioideae based on its cochlear sepals and chloroplast DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Multiple origins of crassulacean acid metabolism and the epiphytic habit in the Neotropical family Bromeliaceae|last = Crayn|first = Darren|date = 2004|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|doi = 10.1073/pnas.0400366101 |pmid =14982989|volume=101|issue = 10|pages=3703–3708|pmc =373526|bibcode = 2004PNAS..101.3703C|doi-access = free}}</ref>

Puyoideae has been re-classified multiple times and its monophyly remains controversial according to analyses of chloroplast DNA.<ref name=":1" />

===Genera===
{{As of|2025|February}}, [[Plants of the World Online]] (PoWO) accepted 76 genera, as listed below.<ref name="POWO_30000083-2">{{cite web |title=''Bromeliaceae'' Juss. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000083-2 |access-date=2025-02-04 }}</ref> A few more genera were accepted by the Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads, including ''Josemania'' and ''Mezobromelia'', which PoWO sinks into ''Cipuropsis''.
{{div col}}
*''[[Acanthostachys]]'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]] </small>
*''[[Aechmea]]'' <small>[[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[Pav.]]</small>
*''[[Alcantarea]]'' <small>[[E.Morren ex Mez|Harms]]</small>
*''[[Ananas]]'' <small>[[Mill.]]</small>, including ''Pseudananas'' <small>Hassl. ex [[Hermann August Theodor Harms|Harms]]</small> (includes the [[pineapple]])
*''[[Androlepis]]'' <small>[[Brongn.]] ex [[Houllet]] </small>
*''[[Araeococcus]]'' <small>Brongn.</small>
*''[[Bakerantha]]'' <small>[[L.B.Sm.]]</small>
*''[[Barfussia]]'' <small>[[Manzan. & W.Till]]</small>
*''[[Billbergia]]'' <small>[[Thunb.]]</small>
*''[[Brewcaria]]'' <small>L.B.Sm., [[Steyerm.]] & [[H.Rob]]</small>,<ref name=EOB_Brewcaria>{{citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Gouda |first1=E.J. |last2=Butcher |first2=D. |last3=Gouda |first3=C.S. |date=2022 |title=genus ''Brewcaria'' L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. |website=Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads |publisher=Utrecht University Botanic Gardens |url=https://bromeliad.nl/species/Brewcaria |access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref> synonym of ''Navia'' in PoWO
*''[[Brocchinia]]'' <small>[[Schult.f.]]</small>
*''[[Bromelia]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
*''[[Canistropsis]]'' <small>(Mez) Leme</small>
*''[[Canistrum]]'' <small>[[Charles Jacques Édouard Morren|E.Morren]]</small>
*''[[Catopsis]]'' <small>[[August Grisebach|Griseb.]]</small>
*''[[Cipuropsis]]'' <small>[[Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule|Ule]]</small>
*''[[Connellia]]'' <small>[[N.E.Br.]]</small>
*''[[Cottendorfia]]'' <small>[[Schult.f.]]</small>
*''[[Cryptanthus]]'' <small>[[Christoph Friedrich Otto|Otto]] & [[A.Dietr.]]</small>
*''[[Deinacanthon]]'' <small>Mez</small>
*''[[Deuterocohnia]]'' <small>[[Carl Christian Mez|Mez]]</small>
*''[[Disteganthus]]'' <small>[[Lem.]]</small>
*''[[Dyckia]]'' <small>[[Schult.f.]]</small>
*''[[Edmundoa]]'' <small>Leme</small>
*''[[Eduandrea]]'' <small>Leme, W.Till, G.K.Br., J.R.Grant & Govaerts</small>
*''[[Encholirium]]'' <small>[[Mart.]] ex [[Schult.f.]]</small>
*''[[Fascicularia]]'' <small>Mez</small>
*''[[Fernseea]]'' <small>[[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]]</small>
*''[[Forzzaea]]'' <small>Leme, S.Heller & Zizka</small>
*''[[Fosterella]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
*''[[Glomeropitcairnia]]'' <small>Mez</small>
*''[[Goudaea]]'' <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small>
*''[[Gregbrownia]]'' <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small>
*''[[Greigia]]'' <small>[[Eduard August von Regel|Regel]]</small>
*''[[Guzmania]]'' <small>[[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[Pav.]]</small>
*''[[Hechtia]]'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]]</small>
*''[[Hohenbergia]]'' <small>[[Schult.f.]]</small>
*''[[Hohenbergiopsis]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. & [[Read (botanical)|Read]]</small>
*''[[Hoplocryptanthus]]'' <small>(Mez) Leme, S.Heller & Zizka</small>
*''[[Hylaeaicum]]'' <small>(Ule ex Mez) Leme, Forzza, Zizka & Aguirre-Santoro</small>
*''[[Jagrantia]]'' <small>Barfuss & W.Till</small>
*''[[Josemania]]'' <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small>
*''[[Karawata]]'' <small>J.R.Maciel & G.M.Sousa</small>
*''[[Krenakanthus]]'' <small>(Leme, S.Heller & Zizka) Leme, Zizka & Paule</small>
*''[[Lapanthus]]'' <small>Louzada & Versieux</small>
*''[[Lemeltonia]]'' <small>Barfuss & W.Till</small>
*''[[Lindmania]]'' <small>Mez</small>
*''[[Lutheria]]'' <small>Barfuss & W.Till</small>
*''[[Lymania]]'' <small>Read</small>
*''[[Mezobromelia]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
*''[[Navia (plant)|Navia]]'' <small>[[Schult.f.]]</small>
*''[[Neoglaziovia]]'' <small>Mez</small>
*''[[Neoregelia]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. </small>
*''[[Nidularium]]'' <small>[[Lem.]]</small>
*''[[Ochagavia]]'' <small>[[Phil.]]</small>
*''[[Orthocryptanthus]]'' <small>(Leme, S.Heller & Zizka) Leme, Zizka & Paule</small>
*''[[Orthophytum]]'' <small>Beer</small>
*''[[Pitcairnia]]'' <small>[[L'Her.]]</small>, including [[Pitcairnia subg. Pepinia|subgenus ''Pepinia'']]<ref name=EOB_Pepinia>{{citation |mode=cs2 |last1=Gouda |first1=E.J. |last2=Butcher |first2=D. |last3=Gouda |first3=C.S. |date=2022 |title=''Pepinia'' (subgen. of ''Pitcairnia'') (Brongniart ex André) Baker |website=Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads |publisher=Utrecht University Botanic Gardens |url=https://bromeliad.nl/species/Pepinia/(subgen./of/Pitcairnia) |access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref>
*''[[Portea]]'' <small>[[K. Koch]]</small>
*''[[Pseudaechmea]]'' <small>L.B.Sm. & Read</small>,<ref name=EOB_Pseudaechmea>{{citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Gouda |first1=E.J. |last2=Butcher |first2=D. |last3=Gouda |first3=C.S. |date=2022 |title=genus ''Pseudaechmea'' L.B.Sm. & Read |website=Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads |publisher=Utrecht University Botanic Gardens |url=https://bromeliad.nl/species/Pseudaechmea |access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref> synonym of ''Billbergia'' in PoWO
*''[[Pseudalcantarea]]'' <small>(Mez) Pinzón & Barfuss</small>
*''[[Pseudaraeococcus]]'' <small>(Mez) R.A.Pontes & Versieux</small>
*''[[Puya (plant)|Puya]]'' <small>[[Juan Ignacio Molina|Molina]]</small>
*''[[Quesnelia]]'' <small>[[Gaudich.]]</small>
*''[[Racinaea]]'' <small>M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm.</small>
*''[[Rokautskyia]]'' <small>Leme, S.Heller & Zizka</small>
*''[[Ronnbergia]]'' <small>E.Morren & [[Édouard André|André]]</small>
*''[[Sequencia]]'' <small>Givnish</small>
*''[[Sincoraea]]'' <small>Ule</small>
*''[[Siqueiranthus]]'' <small>Leme, Zizka, E.H.Souza & Paule</small>
*''[[Steyerbromelia]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
*''[[Stigmatodon]]'' <small>[[Leme, G.K.Br. & Barfuss]]</small>
*''[[Tillandsia]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
*''[[Ursulaea]]'' <small>Read & H.U.Baensch</small>,<ref name=EOB_Ursulaea>{{citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Gouda |first1=E.J. |last2=Butcher |first2=D. |last3=Gouda |first3=C.S. |date=2022 |title=genus ''Ursulaea'' Read & H.U.Baensch|website=Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads |publisher=Utrecht University Botanic Gardens |url=https://bromeliad.nl/species/Ursulaea |access-date=2022-11-01}}</ref> synonym of ''Aechmea'' in PoWO
*''[[Vriesea]]'' <small>[[Lindl.]]</small>
*''[[Wallisia]]'' <small>(Regel) É.Morren</small>
*''[[Waltillia]]'' <small>Leme, Barfuss & Halbritt.</small>
*''[[Werauhia]]'' <small>[[J.R.Grant]]</small>
*''[[Wittmackia]]'' <small>Mez</small>
*''[[Wittrockia]]'' <small>[[Lindm.]]</small>
*''[[Zizkaea]]'' <small>W.Till & Barfuss</small>
{{div col end}}

===Hybrid genera===
Intergeneric hybrid genera accepted by Plants of the World Online include:
*× ''Cryptbergia'' <small>R.G.Wilson & C.L.Wilson</small> =  ''Cryptanthus'' × ''Billbergia''
*× ''Guzlandsia'' <small>Gouda</small> = ''Guzmania'' × ''Tillandsia'' 
*× ''Hohenmea'' <small>B.R.Silva & L.F.Sousa</small> = ''Hohenbergia'' × ''Aechmea'' 
*× ''Niduregelia'' <small>Leme</small> = ''Nidularium'' × ''Neoregelia''