Editing Brigham Young (section)

==Governor of Utah Territory==
[[File:1853 Brigham Young Daguerreotype.jpg|thumb|upright|left|An 1853 daguerreotype of Young]]
The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850. As founder of [[Salt Lake City]], Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|American Indian]] affairs by [[Millard Fillmore|President Millard Fillmore]] on February 3, 1851.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tgm14&CISOSHOW=102598&CISOPTR=102457 | title=Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood | newspaper=Salt Lake Telegram | date=October 22, 1916 | access-date=May 14, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226070235/http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Ftgm14&CISOSHOW=102598&CISOPTR=102457 | archive-date=February 26, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Turner|2012|page=217}} He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000.{{sfn|Turner|2012|page=217}} During his time as governor, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California, and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads, bridges, forts, and irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; [[Battle at Fort Utah|issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos]];<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Christy|first=Howard A.|date=Summer 1978|title=Open Hand and Mailed Fist: Mormon–Indian Relations in Utah, 1847–52|url=https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=422592|journal=[[Utah Historical Quarterly]]|volume=46|issue=3|pages=216–235|doi=10.2307/45060624 |jstor=45060624 |s2cid=254437351 |via=Utah Department of Cultural and Community Engagement}}</ref> and after a series of wars, eventually made peace with the Native Americans. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] stock, for the construction of the [[First transcontinental railroad]]. He also authorized the construction of the [[Utah Central Railroad (1869–1881)|Utah Central]] railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad.{{sfn|Turner|2012|pp=353-354}} Young organized the first [[1st Utah Territorial Legislature|Utah Territorial Legislature]] and established [[Fillmore, Utah|Fillmore]] as the territory's first capital.

Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust that had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. The mint was closed in 1861 by [[Alfred Cumming (governor)|Alfred Cumming]], gubernatorial successor to Young.<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Carter|last1= Williams |title=Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/41207623/looking-back-at-mormon-gold-coins-other-historical-utah-currencies |date=August 25, 2016 |website=KSL.com |publisher=[[Deseret Digital Media]]}}</ref> Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://utahhistory.sdlhost.com/#/item/000000011019614/view/33 |title=The Beginnings of the University of Utah |first=Yvette D. |last=Ison |date=January 1995 |journal=History Blazer |publisher=[[Utah State Historical Society]] |access-date=September 18, 2013 |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131021165803/http://utahhistory.sdlhost.com/#/item/000000011019614/view/33 |url-status=dead }}. [http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/pioneers_and_cowboys/thebeginningsoftheuniversityofutah.html Online reprint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023133628/http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/pioneers_and_cowboys/thebeginningsoftheuniversityofutah.html |date=October 23, 2011 }}, with permission, at HistoryToGo.utah.gov by the Utah Division of State History, Utah Department of Heritage and Arts, State of Utah.</ref> It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the [[University of Utah]]. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the ''[[Deseret News]]'' periodical.<ref name="Voice in the West">{{cite book|title=Voice in the West: Biography of a Pioneer Newspaper|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGNAAAAAIAAJ|last=Ashton|first=Wendell J.|publisher=[[Duell, Sloan and Pearce]]|location=New York City|year=1950}}</ref>{{rp|3–4}}

In 1851, Young and several federal officials—including territorial Secretary [[Broughton Harris]]—became unable to work cooperatively. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years.{{sfn|Alexander|2019|page=89}} These individuals later became known as the [[Runaway Officials of 1851]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Randal S. |last=Chase |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvnSO8VKD0EC&pg=PA85 |title=Church History Study Guide, Part 3 |date=2012 |page=85|publisher=Plain & Precious |isbn=9781937901066 }}</ref>

Young supported slavery and [[History of slavery in Utah|its expansion into Utah]] and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 [[Act in Relation to Service]], based on [[Mormonism and slavery|his beliefs on slavery]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah, of the ... Annual Session, for the Years ..., Volume 1|author=Utah Legislative Assembly|year=1852|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PH1DAQAAMAAJ|pages=108–110}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mit.irr.org/brigham-young-we-must-believe-in-slavery-23-january-1852|title=Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)|website=mit.irr.org|date=March 6, 2014}}</ref> Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible{{nbsp}}... we must believe in slavery. This colored race have been subjected to severe curses{{nbsp}}... which they have brought upon themselves."<ref name="Young Collier">{{cite book |title=The Teachings of President Brigham Young: Vol. 3 1852–1854 |editor-first=Fred C. |editor-last=Collier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkRZGQ8oO8IC|year=1987 |first=Brigham |last=Young |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |publisher=Colliers Publishing Company |isbn=0934964017 |oclc=18192348 |pages=26–28}}</ref> Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the ''New York Tribune'' that he considered slavery a "divine institution{{nbsp}}... not to be abolished".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brigham Young|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/USAbrigham.htm|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref>

In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California.{{sfn|Turner|2012|page=250}} In 1858, following the events of the [[Utah War]] and [[Mountain Meadows Massacre]], he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, [[Alfred Cumming (governor)|Alfred Cumming]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://archives.utah.gov/research/guides/governor-young.htm |title=Brigham Young |publisher=Utah State Archives |access-date=December 18, 2013 |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022154403/http://archives.utah.gov/research/guides/governor-young.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>