Editing Briarcliff Manor, New York (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:Todd Lane of Briarcliff Manor.tiff|thumb|alt=A road bridge spanning over a stream|The [[Pocantico River]] as it flows under Todd Lane]]
Briarcliff Manor is around {{convert|30|mi|km}} north of [[Manhattan]].<ref name="2007Plan"/> It is part of Westchester County and so part of the [[New York metropolitan area]] and the New York–Jersey City–White Plains, NY–NJ Metropolitan Division.<ref name="MetAreas"/> It is on the Hudson River, just north of the [[Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)|Tappan Zee Bridge]] and south of [[Croton Point]] (near the widest part of the river)<ref name="WestMap"/> and just northwest of the county's center.<ref name="CentralWestchester"/> According to the [[2010 United States Census]] Briarcliff Manor covers an area of {{convert|6.7|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|5.9|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.8|sqmi|km2}} is water.<ref name="VillageOverview"/>

The village is a part of the [[Pocantico River|Pocantico]] and [[Saw Mill River]] Basin and the Lower Hudson River Drainage Basin,<ref name="Mapping"/> which leads to the Hudson west-southwest of the village. Major streams running through Briarcliff Manor include the centrally-located Caney Brook, the Pocantico River, and Sparta Brook. Abundant rock outcroppings include [[Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]], [[granite]], [[gneiss]], and [[mica schist]]. Copper and silver were once mined near Scarborough, and Briarcliff Manor's geographical area has large [[Glacial erratic|boulders]], deposited in the [[Wisconsinian glaciation|last glacial period]].<ref name="1952history"/>{{rp|page=84}} Elevations within the village range from less than {{convert|100|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} above mean sea level near the Hudson River to approximately {{convert|500|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} above mean sea level around the center and eastern areas.<ref name="2007MitigationPlan"/> The highest natural point in Briarcliff Manor is {{convert|1200|ft|m}} southwest of [[U.S. National Geodetic Survey|NGS]] [[Survey marker|station mark]] LX4016, off Farm Road, at {{convert|533|ft|m}} above sea level. The village, which covered {{convert|1|sqmi}} when incorporated in 1902, has expanded primarily through annexation: of Scarborough in 1906 and acreage from the town of Mount Pleasant in 1927.<ref name="1939history"/> It is in telephone [[area code 914]] and the postal ZIP code area 10510.<ref name="RandomHouse"/> Briarcliff Manor's Ossining portion takes up nearly half of the village land area, about 93&nbsp;percent of its population, and 85&nbsp;percent of its land parcels.<ref name="VillageOverview"/>

=== Climate ===
{{climate chart
|Briarcliff Manor
|21|35|3.48
|23|39|3.10
|29|47|4.52
|39|58|4.40
|49|68|4.12
|59|77|4.25
|64|82|3.71
|63|80|4.16
|55|73|4.72
|44|62|4.41
|36|51|3.97
|27|40|4.32
|float=right
|clear=right
|units=imperial|source=[[The Weather Channel]]<ref name="USWC"/>
}}
The village is in a [[humid continental climate]] zone ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Dfa), with cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers and four distinct seasons.<ref name="Koppen"/> The [[United States Department of Agriculture]] places Briarcliff Manor in plant [[hardiness zone]] 7a.<ref name="Plantzone"/> Summer high temperatures average in the lower 80s Fahrenheit (upper 20s Celsius), with lows averaging in the lower 60s F (upper 10s C).<ref name="USWC2"/> Its highest recorded temperature was {{convert|100|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in 1995, and its lowest was {{convert|-10|°F|°C|abbr=on}} in 1979.<ref name="USWC"/>
<div style="width:80%">
{{Weather box
| location = Briarcliff Manor
| single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 65| Feb record high F = 75
| Mar record high F = 82| Apr record high F = 90
| May record high F = 95| Jun record high F = 97
| Jul record high F = 100| Aug record high F = 98
| Sep record high F = 98| Oct record high F = 84
| Nov record high F = 78| Dec record high F = 72
| year record high F= 
| Jan high F = 35| Feb high F = 39
| Mar high F = 47| Apr high F = 58
| May high F = 68| Jun high F = 77
| Jul high F = 82| Aug high F = 80
| Sep high F = 73| Oct high F = 62
| Nov high F = 51| Dec high F = 40
| year high F= 
| Jan low F = 21| Feb low F = 23
| Mar low F = 29| Apr low F = 39
| May low F = 49| Jun low F = 59
| Jul low F = 64| Aug low F = 63
| Sep low F = 55| Oct low F = 44
| Nov low F = 36| Dec low F = 27
| year low F= 
| Jan record low F = −9| Feb record low F = −10
| Mar record low F = 6| Apr record low F = 16
| May record low F = 32| Jun record low F = 39
| Jul record low F = 46| Aug record low F = 41
| Sep record low F = 33| Oct record low F = 24
| Nov record low F = 15| Dec record low F = −5
| year record low F = 
| source 1 = [[The Weather Channel]]<ref name="USWC"/>
| date= May 2017
}}
</div>

=== Neighborhoods ===
The village is home to neighborhoods and business and residential areas, including the central business district, the [[Administrative divisions of New York (state)#Hamlet|hamlets]] of Scarborough and Chilmark, and residential areas Central Briarcliff West, the Tree Streets and the Crossroads.

==== Scarborough ====
[[File:Beechwood 2016 15.png|thumb|alt=Part of a large white house|[[Frank A. Vanderlip]]'s [[Beechwood (Vanderlip mansion)|Beechwood]] mansion]]
Scarborough, often called Scarborough-on-Hudson because it borders the Hudson River, is an {{convert|0.45|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} unincorporated district divided between Briarcliff Manor and the village of Ossining, with most of the area within Briarcliff Manor and a few streets in the village of Ossining. Briarcliff Manor's portion of Scarborough was annexed into the village in 1906.<ref name="Changing Landscape"/>{{rp|page=44}} The boundary between Scarborough and the rest of the village is roughly along Old Briarcliff and Sleepy Hollow Roads. The area was settled prior to the Revolutionary War. Around that time, the area included a tavern and inn at corner of Albany Post Road and Scarborough Station Road and a blacksmith shop where the Scarborough Presbyterian Church stands today. Scarborough was named after early settler William Kemey's [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|town in England]]. A cove in Scarborough is named after him.<ref name="SEChistory"/>

Scarborough is largely residential, and has some of the most expensive houses in the village, due in part to its proximity to the Hudson. Condominium complexes within Scarborough include Kemeys Cove, built in 1974, and Scarborough Manor, a 7-story, 205-unit complex built in the 1960s.<ref name="NYTScarborough"/> The hamlet has a post office and a [[Scarborough (Metro-North station)|station]] on the Metro-North [[Hudson Line (Metro-North)|Hudson Line]] within walking distance of most houses in the hamlet.<ref name="NYTScarborough"/> Unlike most of Briarcliff Manor, Scarborough is within the [[Ossining Union Free School District]]. During the 17th century, Scarborough became one of the first trading posts for the Dutch on the Hudson. During the early 20th century, the [[Astor family|Astor]], [[Rockefeller family|Rockefeller]], and [[Vanderbilt family|Vanderbilt]] families entertained guests on their river-view country estates in the Scarborough area. The [[Scarborough Historic District]], including the Scarborough Presbyterian Church, is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Across the street from the church is [[Sparta Cemetery]], containing graves of local Revolutionary War veterans and the [[Leatherman (vagabond)|Leatherman]]. A notable building on the register is [[Beechwood (Vanderlip mansion)|Beechwood]], built in 1780 and considered one of the finest examples of [[Federal architecture]] in Westchester County.<ref name="1952history"/>{{rp|page=8}}<ref name="pamphlet"/> Beechwood was later purchased by [[Frank A. Vanderlip]], who constructed the [[Scarborough School]] on the estate. The school was founded in 1913,<ref name="Worden Historic District"/> and closed in 1978. Holly Hill is a notable house nearby. Hubert Rogers, a New York City attorney, had the house designed around 1927 by [[William Adams Delano]]; Rogers named it Weskora. After his death [[Brooke Astor]] purchased the estate, renaming it Holly Hill for its holly trees.<ref name="Changing Landscape"/>{{rp|pages=116–7}} Directly across from Holly Hill is the site used for the U.S. headquarters of Philips Research from 1965 to 2015, built on part of Waldheim, the former {{convert|130|acre|ha|adj=on}} estate of [[James Speyer]].<ref name="PhilipsMoving"/><ref name="PhilipsMoved"/><ref name="Speyer"/>

==== Chilmark ====
[[File:Underhill Road, Chilmark.png|thumb|alt=A shaded suburban road|Underhill Road in Chilmark]]
Chilmark (also known as Chilmark Park) is an unincorporated residential community of about {{convert|300|acre|ha}}, established in 1930, in northern Briarcliff Manor. The neighborhood was designed with Underhill Road as its main thoroughfare, running north–south.<ref name="OssSites"/> It was named after the village of [[Chilmark, Wiltshire|Chilmark]], England, the birthplace and early home of [[Thomas Macy]] (an ancestor of [[Valentine Everit Macy]]), who arrived in the colonies in 1635. The area is culturally significant for its association with the Macy family, whose members were active in New York and Westchester County during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Valentine Everit Macy and his wife, Edith Carpenter Macy, founded the community and aided in its development; Macy purchased several small family farms in present Chilmark in 1897.<ref name="OssSites"/> In 1925, Macy donated {{convert|265|acre|ha}} on Old Chappaqua Road for the first national Girl Scout camp, which later became the [[Edith Macy Conference Center]], a conference and training facility owned and operated by the [[Girl Scouts of the USA]].<ref name="glassglory"/> The Briarcliff Recreation Center was formerly the private Chilmark Club until the 1970s, when the village purchased the land for a recreation center and adjoining park. Macy's residence in the area was the Chilmark estate, a Tudor-style stone and stucco mansion built in 1896 with a nine-hole golf course. The neighborhood hosts Briarcliff Manor's [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]] temple Congregation Sons of Israel.<ref name="pamphlet"/>

Chilmark features landscaped, winding roads designed to blend with the topography, access to transportation (including a commuter rail line and a highway and homes built in [[Revivalism (architecture)|revival]] styles echoing Tudor and Gothic architecture; it is architecturally significant as an example of early-20th-century suburban design.<ref name="OssSites"/> During the 1920s Macy's son, V.E. Macy Jr., founded the Chilmark Park Realty Corporation to sell land parcels. When he began marketing the area, he renovated or demolished existing homes to lend an air of development and built a private {{convert|8.3|acre|ha|adj=on}} [[country club]] for use by Chilmark residents. The village of Briarcliff Manor later purchased the site, and operates it as Chilmark Park. To denote its development as an exclusive neighborhood, Macy planted distinctive shade trees along Underhill Road. Since its founding, additional homes have been built in Chilmark, most between 1955 and 1960.<ref name="Changing Landscape"/>{{rp|page=146}} The developments expanded the area beyond its original {{convert|300|acre|ha}}; it presently comprises Underhill Road and the streets immediately adjacent to it.<ref name="OssSites"/>
{{multiple image
|align=left|direction=vertical|width=220|footer=Northeast view of the village's Pleasantville Road central business district in 1952 (top) and 2014 (bottom)
|image1=CBD Briarcliff 1952.tiff|alt1=A village street lined with shops
|image2=CBD Briarcliff 2014a.png|alt2=A village street lined with shops
}}

==== Village Center ====
The central business district, also known as the Village Center, is located on Briarcliff Manor's main street on Pleasantville Road and continues on North State Road.<ref name="Patio"/> The area has numerous businesses lining Pleasantville Road, a large expansion from the three stores that existed there in 1906.<ref name="Changing Landscape"/>{{rp|page=67}} The business district is home to the village hall and a [[pocket park]], and has brick sidewalks, period street lighting, and free parking.<ref name="2007MitigationPlan"/><ref name="BlueStar"/> Farther south along the road is the Walter W. Law Memorial Park, and further east along the road are the three schools of the [[Briarcliff Manor Union Free School District]]. The Village Center contains a number of pre-Revolutionary War houses, including the Whitson House, built during the 1770s and the former home of Richard Whitson (one of the Whitson brothers, after whom Whitson's Corners was named); Buckhout House, also dating to the 1770s and named for the family who lived there for over a century and the oldest, Century Homestead, dating to about 1767 and first owned by Reuben Whitson.<ref name="pamphlet"/> The Washburn House, another pre-Revolutionary house, was sold by the New York State Commission on Forfeiture to Joseph Washburn in 1775.<ref name="1952history"/>{{rp|page=7}}

==== Central Briarcliff West ====
[[File:Briarcliff Lodge c. 1905 (2) crop.png|thumb|alt=Porch and porte-cochère of a Tudor Revival hotel|The [[Briarcliff Lodge]], a [[Tudor Revival]] resort (c. 1905)]]
Central Briarcliff West is a neighborhood which has a number of mansions built by 20th-century millionaires who stayed at the Briarcliff Lodge and later built estates in the area. The lodge stood in the area and on the highest point of Walter Law's estate from its construction in 1902 until it burned down in 2003.<ref name="society"/> Other historic estates in the neighborhood include the Law family homes (built in 1902 for Walter Law's children) and Law's estate, the Manor House, all on Scarborough Road. The three estates for his children are Six Gables, Mt. Vernon, and Hillcrest. The [[Modernist]] [[Julian Street Jr. residence]], designed by [[Wallace Harrison]] for Julian and Narcissa Vanderlip Street, was one of the first contemporary-style homes in Westchester.<ref name="Changing Landscape"/>{{rp|page=109}} Ashridge, a large [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] estate, was built around 1825.<ref name="pamphlet"/>

==== The tree streets ====
The tree streets is a network of streets in the Mount Pleasant portion of the village. Several of the streets are named after regional trees, including Satinwood Lane, Larch Road, Elm Road, and Oak Road.<ref name="pamphlet"/> Walter Law had rows of trees planted on streets named for the varieties, though many of these trees no longer adorn their streets. The first major development of the area occurred around 1902,<ref name="FamilyAlbum"/>{{rp|page=13}} though many houses in the neighborhood were constructed during a 1930s building boom, circling Jackson Road Park and near Todd Elementary School.<ref name="pamphlet"/>

==== The Crossroads ====
The Crossroads is a group of 84 houses on streets named after local World War II veterans, including Schrade Road, Hazelton Circle, Matthes Road, and Dunn Lane. It was constructed at the end of World War II to provide affordable housing to returning veterans, and was completed in 1952.<ref name="Changing Landscape"/>{{rp|page=145}}<ref name="pamphlet"/><ref name="MemorialDay"/>

{{Geographic location
| title     = '''Neighboring places'''
| Northwest = [[Ossining (village), New York|Ossining]]
| North     = [[Millwood, New York|Millwood]]
| Northeast = [[Chappaqua]]
| West      = ''[[Hudson River]]''
| Center    = Briarcliff Manor
| East      = [[Pleasantville, New York|Pleasantville]]
| Southwest = [[Sleepy Hollow, New York|Sleepy Hollow]]
| South     = [[Pocantico Hills]]
| Southeast = [[Hawthorne, New York|Hawthorne]]
}}