Editing Brandenburg Gate (section)

===19th and early 20th centuries===
[[File:Soldiers the Brandenburger Tor during the Spartacist uprising Jan 7 1919.jpg|thumb|Soldiers firing round the quadriga in the [[Spartacist uprising]], 7 January 1919]]

The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history. After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]], Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/staendige-ausstellung/1789-1871/objekt_en.html#objekt11 |title=Deutsches Historisches Museum |publisher=Dhm.de |access-date=25 April 2014 |archive-date=24 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624043216/http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/staendige-ausstellung/1789-1871/objekt_en.html#objekt11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and took its quadriga to Paris.<ref name="world and its people">{{cite book|last = Dunton|first = Larkin|title = The World and Its People|publisher = Silver, Burdett|year = 1742|page = 188}}</ref> After Napoleon's defeat in 1814 and the Prussian occupation of Paris by General [[Ernst von Pfuel]], the quadriga was restored to Berlin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sullivan |first1=Paul |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6LnSCgAAQBAJ&q=brandenburg+gate+von+pfuel&pg=PA72 |title=Pocket Rough Guide Berlin |chapter=Brandenburg Gate |location=London |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2016 |page=72 |isbn=9780241254622 |access-date=9 May 2016 }}</ref> It was then redesigned by [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] for the new role of the Brandenburg Gate as a Prussian triumphal arch. The goddess, now definitely Victoria, was equipped with the Prussian eagle and [[Iron Cross]] on her lance with a wreath of oak leaves.<ref name=DenkmalBT />

The quadriga faces east, as it did when it was originally installed in 1793. Only the royal family was allowed to pass through the central archway,<ref name="world and its people" /> as well as members of the [[Pfuel]] family, from 1814 to 1919.<ref name="Google Books 2016">{{cite book | title=Berlin Feuerland | date=28 July 2016 | isbn=9783641125110 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foq7BQAAQBAJ&q=von+pfuel+quadriga&pg=PT104 | language=de | access-date=10 August 2016| last1=Müller | first1=Titus | publisher=Karl Blessing Verlag }}</ref><ref name="DW.COM 2016">{{cite web | title=225 Jahre Brandenburger Tor | website=DW.COM | date=4 August 2016 | url=http://www.dw.com/de/225-jahre-brandenburger-tor/a-19443479 | access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> The Kaiser granted this honour to the family in gratitude to Ernst von Pfuel, who had overseen the return of the quadriga to the top of the gate.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dedio |first1=Florian |last2=Dedio |first2=Gunnar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVyEAgAAQBAJ&q=brandenburg+gate+von+pfuel&pg=PA50 |title=The Great War Diaries: Breathtaking Colour Photographs from a World Torn Apart |chapter=[[Berlin]], Germany, before the war |location=London |publisher=[[BBC Books]], [[Penguin Random House]] |year=2013 |page=50 |isbn=9781448141678 |access-date=6 May 2016 }}</ref>  In addition, the central archway was also used by the coaches of ambassadors on the single occasion of their presenting their [[Diplomatic correspondence#Letters of credence|letters of credence]] to council.

After 1900, due to weathering and environmental damage, smaller and larger pieces of stone began to fall from the gate. Comprehensive renovation work began in 1913, which had to be interrupted by the outbreak of [[World War I]] and was not completed until 1926. Meanwhile, the events of the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|November Revolution]] had led to further significant damage, particularly to the quadriga. Indeed, the gate was used as a firing position by government troops during both the [[Spartacist uprising]] of January 1919 and the [[Kapp Putsch]] in March 1920.{{sfn|Pohlsander|2008|p=180}} The restoration work was carried out on site under the direction of Kurt Kluge. For this purpose, the quadriga was encased in a wooden structure. Berliners spoke of the "highest horse stable in Berlin", but regardless of the weather, the work could be carried out in the dry without any delay.<ref>Michael S. Cullen, Uwe Kieling: ''Das Brandenburger Tor. Ein deutsches Symbol''. Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-8148-0076-1, S.&nbsp;75.</ref> The numerous sandstone reliefs were restored and partially renovated under the artistic direction of Wilhelm Wandschneider, who remodeled one of the centaur metopes with a different motif.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File:Charles Meynier - Entrée de Napoléon à Berlin. 27 octobre 1806.jpg|''[[Entry of Napoleon into Berlin]]'' in 1806 after the [[Battle of Jena-Auerstedt]], by [[Charles Meynier]], 1810
File:JAMES(1817) p1.076 BERLIN, BRANDENBURGER TOR.jpg|View without the quadriga, 1813. It was restored after Napoleon's defeat.
File:Brandenburger tor 1871.jpg|In 1871 with decorations and victorious [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] troops after the [[Franco-Prussian War]]
</gallery>