Editing Bosnian language (section)

===Controversy and recognition===
[[File:Political correctness in Bosnia (14151146675).jpg|thumb|A [[Tobacco packaging warning messages|cigarette warning]] "Smoking seriously harms you and others around you", ostensibly in three languages. The "Bosnian" and "Croatian" versions are identical and the "Serbian" one is a Cyrilic [[transliteration]] of the exact same text.]]
The name "Bosnian language" is a controversial issue for some [[Croats]] and [[Serbs]], who also refer to it as the "Bosniak" language ({{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|separator=" / "|bošnjački|бошњачки}}, {{IPA|sh|bǒʃɲaːtʃkiː|}}). Bosniak linguists however insist that the only legitimate name is "Bosnian" language ({{lang|bs|bosanski}}) and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name "Bosnian" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Croats]] and [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]] reject that designation for their idioms.

The language is called ''Bosnian language'' in the 1995 [[Dayton Agreement|Dayton Accords]]{{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=409}} and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and Its Disintegration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lNjHgr3QioC&pg=PA136|last=Greenberg|first=Robert D.|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=136|isbn = 9780191514555}}</ref>

The [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2|title=ISO 639-2 Registration Authority|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref> [[United States Board on Geographic Names]] (BGN) and the [[Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use|Permanent Committee on Geographical Names]] (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian language. Furthermore, the status of the Bosnian language is also recognized by bodies such as the [[United Nations]], [[UNESCO]] and translation and interpreting accreditation agencies,<ref>{{cite book|last=Sussex|first=Roland|title=The Slavic Languages|url=https://archive.org/details/slaviclanguagesc00suss|url-access=limited|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-22315-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/slaviclanguagesc00suss/page/n98 76]}}</ref> including internet translation services.

Most English-speaking language encyclopedias ([[Routledge]], [[Glottolog]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bosn1245|title=Bosnian|work=Glottolog}}</ref> [[Ethnologue]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bos|title=Bosnian|work=Ethnologue}}</ref> etc.)<ref>Bernard Comrie (ed.): The World's Major Languages. Second Edition. Routledge, New York/London, 2009</ref> register the language solely as "Bosnian" language. The [[Library of Congress]] registered the language as "Bosnian" and gave it an ISO-number. The Slavic language institutes in English-speaking countries offer courses in "Bosnian" or "Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian" language, not in "Bosniak" language (e.g. Columbia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/bulletin/uwb/subj/BCRS/W1202-20161-001/|title=Spring 2016 Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian W1202 section 001|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128123421/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/bulletin/uwb/subj/BCRS/W1202-20161-001/|archive-date=2016-01-28}}</ref> Cornell,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://courses.cornell.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=14&coid=159062|title=BCS 1133 – Continuing Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian I – Acalog ACMS™|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> Chicago,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slavic.uchicago.edu/courses?f&#91;0&#93;=field_section%3A5|title=Courses|work=[[University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Washington,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slavic.washington.edu/fields/bosnian-croatian-serbian|title=Bosnian Croatian Serbian|publisher=[[University of Washington]]|access-date=2015-08-26|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011121137/https://slavic.washington.edu/fields/bosnian-croatian-serbian|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kansas).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slavic.ku.edu/why-study-bosniancroatianserbian-bcs-ku-slavic-department|title=Why Study Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (BCS) with the KU Slavic Department?|publisher=[[University of Kansas]]|date=2012-12-18}}</ref> The same is the case in German-speaking countries, where the language is taught under the name {{lang|de|Bosnisch}}, not {{lang|de|Bosniakisch}} (e.g. Vienna,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slawistik.univie.ac.at/studium/curricula/|title=Institut für Slawistik » Curricula|publisher=[[University of Vienna]]}}</ref> Graz,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translationswissenschaft.uni-graz.at/de/studieren/studienangebot-am-itat/ba-transkulturelle-kommunikation/bosnischkroatischserbisch/|title=Bosnisch/Kroatisch/Serbisch|publisher=[[University of Graz]]|access-date=2015-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703104144/http://translationswissenschaft.uni-graz.at/de/studieren/studienangebot-am-itat/ba-transkulturelle-kommunikation/bosnischkroatischserbisch/|archive-date=2016-07-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Trier)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-trier.de/index.php?id=55477|title=Slavistik – Bosnisch-Kroatisch-Montenegrinisch-Serbisch|date=28 July 2015|publisher=[[University of Trier]]}}</ref> with very few exceptions.

Some Croatian linguists ([[Zvonko Kovač]], [[Ivo Pranjković]], [[Josip Silić]]) support the name "Bosnian" language, whereas others ([[Radoslav Katičić]], [[Dalibor Brozović]], [[Tomislav Ladan]]) hold that the term ''Bosnian language'' is the only one appropriate{{clarify|date=May 2014}} and that accordingly the terms Bosnian language and Bosniak language refer to two different things.{{clarify|date=May 2014}} The Croatian state institutions, such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, use both terms: "Bosniak" language was used in the 2001 census,<ref name="DZS">{{Croatian Census 2001 | url = http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_03/H01_02_03.html | title = 13. Stanovništvo prema materinskom jeziku, po gradovima/općinama, popis 2001. | trans-title = Population by native language }}</ref> while the census in 2011 used the term "Bosnian" language.<ref>{{Croatian Census 2011 |url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/results/htm/H01_01_09/H01_01_09.html |access-date=January 19, 2014 | title = 3. Stanovništvo prema materinskom jeziku – detaljna klasifikacija – popis 2011 | trans-title=Population by native language}}</ref>

The majority of Serbian linguists hold that the term ''Bosniak language'' is the only one appropriate,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rastko.rs/filologija/odbor/odluka001_c.html|title=[Projekat Rastko] Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika|work=rastko.rs}}</ref> which was agreed as early as 1990.<ref>Svein Mønnesland, »Language Policy in Bosnia-Herzegovina« (pp 135–155). In: ''Language : Competence–Change–Contact = Sprache : Kompetenz – Kontakt – Wandel'', edited by: Annikki Koskensalo, John Smeds, Rudolf de Cillia, Ángel Huguet; Berlin; Münster : Lit Verlag, 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-643-10801-2}}, p. 143. "Already in 1990 the Committee for the Serbian language decided that only the term 'Bosniac language' should be used officially in Serbia, and this was confirmed in 1998."</ref>

The original form of [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|The Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] called the language "Bosniac language",<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|url=http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=5907|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020301141803/http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=5907|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2002|publisher=[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|access-date=3 June 2010}}</ref> until 2002 when it was changed in Amendment XXIX of the Constitution of the Federation by [[Wolfgang Petritsch]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.ohr.int/decisions/statemattersdec/default.asp?content_id=7475|title=Decision on Constitutional Amendments in the Federation|publisher=[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020513193906/http://www.ohr.int/decisions/statemattersdec/default.asp?content_id=7475|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 13, 2002|access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> The original text of the Constitution of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] was agreed in [[Vienna]] and was signed by [[Krešimir Zubak]] and [[Haris Silajdžić]] on March 18, 1994.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/washagree_03011994.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232412/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/washagree_03011994.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2014|title=Washington Agreement|access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref>

The constitution of {{lang|sr|[[Republika Srpska]]}}, the Serb-dominated entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not recognize any language or ethnic group other than Serbian.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republika Srpska|url=http://www.usefoundation.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=15&LID=32|publisher=U.S. English Foundation Research|access-date=3 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721164105/http://www.usefoundation.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=15&LID=32|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Bosniaks were mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|High Representative]] [[Wolfgang Petritsch]]. However, the constitution of {{lang|sr|Republika Srpska}} refers to it as the ''Language spoken by Bosniaks'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Decision on Constitutional Amendments in Republika Srpska|url=http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=7474|publisher=[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|access-date=3 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118131924/http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=7474|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name.<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Robert David|title=Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its Disintegration|url=https://archive.org/details/languageidentity00gree|url-access=limited|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-925815-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/languageidentity00gree/page/n166 156]}}</ref>

Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rizvanovic|first=Alma|title=Language Battle Divides Schools|url=http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/language-battle-divides-schools|access-date=3 June 2010|newspaper=Institute for War & Peace Reporting|date=2 August 2005|archive-date=28 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128030125/http://iwpr.net/report-news/language-battle-divides-schools|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Montenegro]] officially recognizes the Bosnian language: its [[Constitution of Montenegro|2007 Constitution]] specifically states that although [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] is the official language, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are also in official use.<ref name=MontenegroConstitution>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.gov.me/vijesti.php?akcija%3Drubrika%26rubrika%3D121|title=Vlada Crne Gore|access-date=2009-03-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617081137/http://www.pravda.gov.me/vijesti.php?akcija=rubrika&rubrika=121|archive-date=2009-06-17}} See Art. 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, adopted on 19 October 2007, available at the website of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Montenegro</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafemontenegro.com/index.php?group=23&news=7498|title=Crna Gora dobila novi Ustav|publisher=Cafe del Montenegro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021042141/http://www.cafemontenegro.com/index.php?group=23&news=7498|url-status=dead|date=20 October 2007|archive-date=2007-10-21|access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref>