Editing Borneo (section)

====Conservation issues====
{{see also|Deforestation in Borneo|1997 Indonesian forest fires|1997 Southeast Asian haze|2006 Southeast Asian haze|2013 Southeast Asian haze|2015 Southeast Asian haze|2016 Southeast Asian haze|2019 Southeast Asian haze}}
[[File:Logging in Borneo (3540116932).jpg|thumb|Logging near [[Crocker Range National Park]]. Borneo has lost more than half of its rainforests in the past half century.<ref>{{cite news |title=What Causes Deforestation in Borneo and How Do We Stop It? |url=https://earth.org/deforestation-in-borneo/ |work=Earth.org |date=2 March 2023}}</ref>]]

The island historically had extensive rainforest cover, but the area was reduced due to heavy [[logging]] by the [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysia|Malaysian]] [[wood industry]], especially with the large demands of raw materials from [[developed country|industrial countries]] along with the conversion of forest lands for large-scale agricultural purposes.<ref name="Borneo forests"/> Half of the annual global [[tropical timber]] acquisition comes from Borneo. [[Palm oil]] plantations have been widely developed and are rapidly encroaching on the last remnants of primary rainforest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/borneo_deforestation/|title=Threats to Borneo forests|publisher=World Wide Fund for Nature|access-date=26 May 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525051215/http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/borneo_deforestation/|archive-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> [[Wildfire|Forest fires]] since [[1997]], started by the locals to clear the forests for plantations were exacerbated by an exceptionally dry [[El Niño]] season, worsening the annual shrinkage of the rainforest.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-great-haze-explainer-20151021-htmlstory.html|title=Fires in Southeast Asia may be emitting more greenhouse gases than the entire U.S.|author=Jonathan Kaiman|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=21 October 2015|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref> During these fires, hotspots were visible on [[Satellite imagery|satellite images]] and the resulting [[haze]] frequently affected [[Brunei]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]]. The haze could also reach southern [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]] and the [[Philippines]] as evidenced on the [[2015 Southeast Asian haze]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eria.org/ERIA-DP-2015-82.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.eria.org/ERIA-DP-2015-82.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Transboundary Haze Pollution Problem in Southeast Asia: Reframing ASEAN's Response|author=Apichal Sunchindah|publisher=Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia|date=December 2015|access-date=27 May 2017}}</ref>

A study in [[2018]] found that [[Bornean orangutan]]s declined by 148,500 individuals from [[1999]] to [[2015]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Solly |first1=Meilan |title=Borneo's Orangutan Population Plummeted by Half in 16 Years |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/borneos-orangutan-population-plummeted-half-16-years-180968189/ |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |date=16 February 2018}}</ref>