Editing Bog (section)

=== By location and water source ===
Bogs may be classified on their topography, proximity to water, method of recharge, and nutrient accumulation.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Damman |first=A.W.H. |date=1986 |title=Hydrology, development, and biogeochemistry of ombrogenous bogs with special reference to nutrient relocation in a western Newfoundland bog |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=64 |pages=384–94|doi=10.1139/b86-055 }}</ref>

====Valley bog====
[[File:ARG-2016-Aerial-Tierra del Fuego (Ushuaia)–Valle Carbajal 01.jpg|thumb|Aerial image of [[Carbajal Valley]] [[peat]] bogs, [[Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina]]]]
These develop in gently sloping valleys or hollows. A layer of peat fills the deepest part of the valley, and a stream may run through the surface of the bog. Valley bogs may develop in relatively dry and warm climates, but because they rely on ground or surface water, they only occur on acidic substrates.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}{{clarify|date=November 2020 |reason=Why? Also, see the second paragraph that suggests that all bogs are acidic and the first paragraph, which suggests that some bogs are not acidic.}}

====Raised bog====
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}}
[[File:EE-Lahemaa-Bagno Viru.jpg|thumb|right|Viru Bog in [[Lahemaa National Park]], [[Estonia]], which is rich in raised bogs]]
{{main|Raised bog}}
These develop from a lake or flat [[marsh]]y area, over either non-acidic or acidic substrates. Over centuries there is a progression from open lake, to a marsh, to a [[fen]] (or, on acidic substrates, valley bog), to a [[carr (topography)|carr]], as [[silt]] or peat accumulates within the lake. Eventually, peat builds up to a level where the land surface is too flat for ground or surface water to reach the center of the wetland. This part, therefore, becomes wholly rain-fed (ombrotrophic), and the resulting acidic conditions allow the development of bog (even if the substrate is non-acidic). The bog continues to form peat, and over time a shallow dome of bog peat develops into a raised bog. The dome is typically a few meters high in the center and is often surrounded by strips of fen or other wetland vegetation at the edges or along streamsides where groundwater can percolate into the wetland.

The various types of raised bog may be divided into:
* [[Coastal bog]]
* [[Plateau bog]]
* [[Upland bog]]
* [[Kermi bog]]
* [[String bog]]
* [[Palsa bog]]
* [[Polygonal bog]]

====Blanket bog====
{{Main|Blanket bog}}
[[File:Drosera anglica habitat.JPG|thumb|right|Sphagnum moss and sedges can produce floating bog mats along the shores of small lakes. This bog in Duck Lake, [[Oregon]], US, supports populations of [[Drosera anglica|English sundew (''Drosera anglica'')]].]]
[[File:Connemara1.jpg|thumb|Blanket bog in [[Connemara]], Ireland]]
In cool climates with consistently high rainfall (on more than c. 235 days a year), the ground surface may remain waterlogged for much of the time, providing conditions for the development of bog [[vegetation]]. In these circumstances, bog develops as a layer "blanketing" much of the land, including hilltops and slopes.<ref>{{cite journal |last=van Breeman |first=N. |date=1995 |title=How Sphagnum bogs down {{sic}} other plants |journal=Trends in Ecology and Evolution |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=270–275|doi=10.1016/0169-5347(95)90007-1 |pmid=21237035 |bibcode=1995TEcoE..10..270V }}</ref> Although a blanket bog is more common on acidic substrates, under some conditions it may also develop on neutral or even [[alkali]]ne ones, if abundant acidic rainwater predominates over the groundwater. A blanket bog can occur in drier or warmer climates, because under those conditions hilltops and sloping ground dry out too often for peat to form – in intermediate climates a blanket bog may be limited to areas which are shaded from direct sunshine. In [[periglacial]] climates a [[patterned vegetation|patterned]] form of blanket bog may occur, known as a [[string bog]]. In Europe, these mostly very thin peat layers without significant surface structures are distributed over the hills and valleys of Ireland, Scotland, England, and Norway. In North America, blanket bogs occur predominantly in Canada east of [[Hudson Bay]]. These bogs are often still under the influence of [[mineral soil]] water (groundwater). Blanket bogs do not occur north of the 65th latitude in the northern hemisphere.<ref name="keddy 2010" />

====Quaking bog====
A ''quaking bog'', ''schwingmoor'', or ''swingmoor'' is a form of floating bog occurring in wetter parts of valley bogs and raised bogs and sometimes around the edges of acidic lakes. The bog vegetation, mostly sphagnum moss anchored by sedges (such as ''[[Carex lasiocarpa]]''), forms a [[floating mat]] approximately half a meter thick on the surface of water or above very wet peat. White spruce (''[[Picea glauca]]'') may grow in this bog regime. Walking on the surface causes it to move – larger movements may cause visible ripples on the surface, or they may even make trees sway. The bog mat may eventually spread across the water surface to cover bays or even entire small lakes. Bogs at the edges of lakes may become detached and form [[floating island]]s.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/floating-island-bog-crow-wing-county-minnesota |title=How Do You Solve a Problem Like a Giant Floating Bog? |first=Andrea |last=Appleton |magazine=Atlas Obscura |date=6 March 2018 |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref>

====Cataract bog====
A [[cataract bog]] is a rare ecological community formed where a permanent stream flows over a granite outcropping. The sheeting of water keeps the edges of the rock wet without eroding the soil, but in this precarious location, no tree or large shrub can maintain a roothold. The result is a narrow, permanently wet habitat.<ref name="keddy 2010" />