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==== Intracellular crowding ==== The crowdedness of cells is a critical aspect of biological systems.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/10/how-intracellular-crowding-changes-everything/|title=How Intracellular Crowding Changes Everything|magazine=WIRED|access-date=2018-05-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Intracellular crowding refers to the fact that protein function and interaction with water is constrained when the interior of the cell is overcrowded.<ref name=":2" /> Intracellular [[organelle]]s are either membrane-bound vesicles or membrane-less compartments that compartmentalize the cell and enable [[Spatiotemporal pattern|spatiotemporal]] control of biological reactions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brangwynne|first1=Clifford P.|last2=Tompa|first2=Peter|last3=Pappu|first3=Rohit V.|date=2015-11-03|title=Polymer physics of intracellular phase transitions|journal=Nature Physics|language=En|volume=11|issue=11|pages=899β904|doi=10.1038/nphys3532|issn=1745-2473|bibcode=2015NatPh..11..899B}}</ref> By introducing these intracellular [[polymer]]s to a biological system and manipulating the crowdedness of a cell, scientists may be able to slow down the rate of biological reactions in the system.
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