Editing Beetle (section)

===Jurassic===
[[File:Phylogenetic chart of Coleoptera.svg|thumb|Beetle [[genus|genera]] were mainly saprophages ([[detritivore]]s) in the [[Permian]] and [[Triassic]]. During the [[Jurassic]], [[herbivorous]] and then [[carnivorous]] genera became more common. In the [[Cenozoic]], genera at all three [[trophic level]]s became far more numerous.]]During the [[Jurassic]] ({{Ma|210|145|mya}}), there was a dramatic increase in the diversity of beetle families,<ref name="evo"/> including the development and growth of carnivorous and herbivorous species. The [[Chrysomeloidea]] diversified around the same time, feeding on a wide array of plant hosts from [[cycad]]s and [[conifer]]s to [[angiosperm]]s.<ref name="insenc186">[[#refMcHugh|McHugh (2009)]], p. 186</ref> Close to the Upper Jurassic, the Cupedidae decreased, but the diversity of the early plant-eating species increased. Most recent plant-eating beetles feed on flowering plants or angiosperms, whose success contributed to a doubling of plant-eating species during the [[Middle Jurassic]]. However, the increase of the number of beetle families during the Cretaceous does not correlate with the increase of the number of angiosperm species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Labandeira |first1=C. C. |last2=Sepkoski |first2=J. J. |year=1993 |title=Insect diversity in the fossil record |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=261 |issue=5119 |pages=310–315 |doi=10.1126/science.11536548 |pmid=11536548 |bibcode=1993Sci...261..310L |url=http://129.123.92.202/biol5530/Labandeira_Sepkoski_1993.pdf  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331061227/http://129.123.92.202/biol5530/Labandeira_Sepkoski_1993.pdf |archive-date=March 31, 2012|citeseerx=10.1.1.496.1576 }}</ref> Around the same time, numerous primitive weevils (e.g. [[Curculionoidea]]) and click beetles (e.g. [[Elateroidea]]) appeared. The first jewel beetles (e.g. [[Buprestidae]]) are present, but they remained rare until the Cretaceous.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gratshev, Vadim G. |author2=Zherikhin, Vladimir V. |date=October 15, 2003 |title=Insect diversity in the fossil record |journal=Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia |volume=261 |issue=5119 |pages=129–138 |url=http://www.isez.pan.krakow.pl/journals/azc_i/pdf/46(suppl)/15.pdf |bibcode=1993Sci...261..310L |doi=10.1126/science.11536548 |pmid=11536548 |citeseerx=10.1.1.496.1576 |access-date=March 16, 2011 |archive-date=December 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229073633/http://www.isez.pan.krakow.pl/journals/azc_i/pdf/46(suppl)/15.pdf  }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chang, H. |author2=Zhang, F. |author3=Ren, D. |year=2008 |title=A new genus and two new species of fossil elaterids from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Elateridae) |journal=[[Zootaxa]] |volume=1785 |issue=1 |pages=54–62 |url=http://202.204.209.200/upload/20080609030648.pdf  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704101413/http://202.204.209.200/upload/20080609030648.pdf |archive-date=July 4, 2011|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1785.1.3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alexeev, A. V. |year=1993 |title=Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Eurasia |journal=[[Paleontological Journal]]|issue=1A |pages=9–34 |url=http://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Coleoptera/pdf/Alexeev%20-%20jurassic%20and%20lc%20buprestidae%2093.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326031216/http://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Coleoptera/pdf/Alexeev%20-%20jurassic%20and%20lc%20buprestidae%2093.pdf |archive-date=2010-03-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first scarab beetles were not coprophagous but presumably fed on rotting wood with the help of fungus; they are an early example of a [[#Mutualism|mutualistic]] relationship.

There are more than 150 important fossil sites from the Jurassic, the majority in Eastern Europe and North Asia. Outstanding sites include [[Solnhofen]] in Upper [[Bavaria]], Germany,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ponomarenko, Alexandr G. |year=1985 |title=Fossil insects from the Tithonian 'Solnhofener Plattenkalke' in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna |journal=Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=135–144 |url=http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/ANNA_87A_0135-0144.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704203743/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/ANNA_87A_0135-0144.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> Karatau in South [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=A new genus of elateriform beetles (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Karatau |journal=[[Paleontological Journal]] |year=2009 |author=Yan, E. V. |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=78–82 |url=http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/Yan_2009_PalJ_ElateriformJurassicKaratau.pdf |doi=10.1134/S0031030109010080 |bibcode=2009PalJ...43...78Y |s2cid=84621777  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202329/http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/Yan_2009_PalJ_ElateriformJurassicKaratau.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref> the Yixian formation in [[Liaoning]], North China,<ref name="liaoning">{{cite journal |title=New ommatids from the Late Jurassic of western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Archostemata) |journal=Insect Science |year=2005 |author1=Tan, J.-J. |author2=Ren, D. |author3=Liu, M. |volume=12 |pages=207–216 |url=http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/tan_etal_2005.pdf |doi=10.1111/j.1005-295X.2005.00026.x |issue=3 |bibcode=2005InsSc..12..207T |s2cid=83733980  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718202354/http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/tan_etal_2005.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref> as well as the Jiulongshan formation and further fossil sites in [[Mongolia]]. In North America there are only a few sites with fossil records of insects from the Jurassic, namely the shell limestone deposits in the Hartford basin, the Deerfield basin and the Newark basin.<ref name="evo"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=New beetles of the family Cupedidae from the Mesozoic of Mongolia. Ommatini, Mesocupedini, Priacmini |journal=[[Paleontological Journal]] |year=1997 |author=Ponomarenko, A. G. |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=389–399 |url=http://www.palaeoentomolog.ru/Publ/PALJ389.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925135716/http://www.palaeoentomolog.ru/Publ/PALJ389.pdf| archive-date=2006-09-25}}</ref>