Editing Bavaria (section)

===Kingdom of Bavaria===
{{Main|Kingdom of Bavaria}}
[[File:Bayern von 1800 bis heute.png|thumb|A map of Bavaria in the 19th century]]

When the [[Holy Roman Empire]] dissolved under [[Napoleon]]'s onslaught, Bavaria became a [[Kingdom of Bavaria|kingdom]] in 1806 and joined the [[Confederation of the Rhine]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Paul R. Hanson|title=Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution |date=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0810878921 |edition=2 }}</ref>

The Duchy of Jülich was ceded to France and the Electoral Palatinate was divided between France and the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]. The Duchy of Berg was given to [[Joachim Murat]]. The [[County of Tyrol]] and the federal state of [[Salzburg (state)|Salzburg]] were temporarily annexed with Bavaria but eventually ceded to Austria at the [[Congress of Vienna]]. In return, Bavaria was allowed to annex the modern-day region of [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] to the west of the [[Rhine]] and [[Franconia]] in 1815.

Between 1799 and 1817, the leading minister, Count [[Maximilian Joseph von Montgelas|Montgelas]], followed a strict policy of modernization copying Napoleonic France; he laid the foundations of centralized administrative structures that survived the monarchy and, in part, have retained core validity through to the 21st century. In May 1808, a first constitution was passed by [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian I]],<ref>{{cite book | author1=James J. Sheehan |title=German History, 1770–1866 |date=1993 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0198204329 |page=265 }}</ref> being modernized in 1818. This second version established a bicameral Parliament with a House of Lords (''Kammer der Reichsräte'') and a House of Commons (''Kammer der Abgeordneten''). That constitution was followed until the collapse of the monarchy at the end of [[World War I]].

After the rise of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the early 18th century, Bavaria preserved its independence by playing off the rivalry of Prussia and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]. Allied to Austria, it was defeated along with Austria in the 1866 [[Austro-Prussian War]] and was not incorporated into the [[North German Federation|North German Confederation]] of 1867, but the question of [[Unification of Germany|German unity]] was still alive. When [[Franco-Prussian War|France declared war on Prussia in 1870]], all the south German states (Baden, Württemberg, Hessen-Darmstadt and Bavaria) aside from Austria, joined the Prussian forces and ultimately joined the Federation, which was renamed {{lang|de|Deutsches Reich}} ([[German Empire]]) in 1871.

Bavaria continued as a monarchy, and retained some special rights within the federation (such as railways and postal services and control of its army in peace times).