Editing Bastille (section)

===Early 17th century===
[[File:Episode of the Fronde at the Faubourg Saint-Antoine by the Walls of the Bastille.png|thumb|A contemporary depiction of the [[battle of the Faubourg St Antoine]] beneath the walls of the Bastille in 1652]]

The Bastille continued to be used as a prison and a royal fortress under both Henry IV and his son, [[Louis XIII]]. When Henry clamped down on a Spanish-backed plot among the senior French nobility in 1602, for example, he detained the ringleader [[Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron]], in the Bastille, and had him executed in the courtyard.<ref>Knecht, p. 486.</ref> Louis XIII's chief minister, [[Cardinal Richelieu]], is credited with beginning the modern transformation of the Bastille into a more formal organ of the French state, further increasing its structured use as a state prison.<ref>Funck-Brentano, p. 64; Lüsebrink and Reichardt, p. 6.</ref> Richelieu broke with Henry IV's tradition of the Bastille's captain being a member of the French aristocracy, typically a Marshal of France such as [[François de Bassompierre]], [[Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes|Charles d'Albert]] or [[Nicolas de L'Hospital]], and instead appointed [[François Leclerc du Tremblay|Père Joseph]]'s brother to run the facility.<ref>Funck-Brentano, p. 64; Bournon, p. 49.</ref>{{refn|In practice, [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]]'s nobles appointed lieuentants to actually run the fortress.<ref>Bournon, p. 49.</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} The first surviving documentary records of prisoners at the Bastille also date from this period.<ref>Funck-Brentano, p .65.</ref>

In 1648, the [[Fronde]] insurrection broke out in Paris, prompted by high taxes, increased food prices and disease.<ref name="Munck, p. 212">Munck, p. 212.</ref> The ''Parlement of Paris'', the Regency government of [[Anne of Austria]] and rebellious noble factions fought for several years to take control of the city and wider power. On 26 August, during the period known as the First Fronde, Anne ordered the arrest of some of the leaders of the Parlement of Paris; violence flared as a result, and the 27 August became known as another [[Day of the Barricades]].<ref>Sturdy, p. 27.</ref> The governor of the Bastille loaded and readied his guns to fire on the [[Hôtel de Ville, Paris|Hôtel de Ville]], controlled by the parliament, although the decision was eventually taken not to shoot.<ref>Lansdale, p. 324.</ref> Barricades were erected across the city and the royal government fled in September, leaving a garrison of 22 men behind in the Bastille.<ref>Munck, p. 212; Le Bas, p. 191.</ref> On 11 January 1649, the Fronde decided to take the Bastille, giving the task to Elbeuf, one of their leaders.<ref>Treasure, p. 141.</ref> Elbeuf's attack required only a token effort: five or six shots were fired at the Bastille, before it promptly surrendered on 13 January.<ref>Treasure, p 141; Le Bas, p. 191.</ref> [[Pierre Broussel]], one of the Fronde leaders, appointed his son as the governor and the Fronde retained it even after the ceasefire that March.<ref>Treasure, p. 171; Le Bas, p. 191.</ref>

[[File:Bastille 1649.jpg|thumb|350px|left|The Bastille and the eastern side of Paris in 1649]]

During the Second Fronde, between 1650 and 1653, [[Louis, Grand Condé|Louis]], the Prince of Condé, controlled much of Paris alongside the Parlement, while Broussel, through his son, continued to control the Bastille. In July 1652, the [[Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine]] took place just outside the Bastille. Condé had sallied out of Paris to prevent the advance of the royalist forces under the command of [[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne|Turenne]].<ref>Treasure, p. 198.</ref> Condé's forces became trapped against the city walls and the Porte Saint-Antoine, which the Parlement refused to open; he was coming under increasingly heavy fire from the Royalist artillery and the situation looked bleak.<ref>Sainte-Aulaire, p. 195; Hazan, p. 14.</ref> In a famous incident, [[Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier|La Grande Mademoiselle]], the daughter of [[Gaston, Duke of Orléans]], convinced her father to issue an order for the Parisian forces to act, before she then entered the Bastille and personally ensured that the commander turned the fortress's cannon on Turenne's army, causing significant casualties and enabling Condé's army's safe withdrawal.<ref>Sainte-Aulaire, p. 195; Hazan, p. 14; Treasure, p. 198.</ref> Later in 1652, Condé was finally forced to surrender Paris to the royalist forces in October, effectively bringing the Fronde to an end: the Bastille returned to royal control.<ref name="Munck, p. 212"/>