Editing Avenal, California (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1960= 3147
|1970= 3035
|1980= 4137
|1990= 9770
|2000= 14674
|2010= 15505
|2020= 13696
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|website=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|archive-date=April 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

Avenal is a small city of approximately 13,696 people, including prison inmates. Avenal owes its origin to the discovery of oil on October 4, 1928, in the adjacent [[Kettleman Hills]]. Avenal was the site of a "tent city" as the boom started, but foresight made the boom orderly, so that by 1940 Avenal was the second largest town in Kings County with a population of 4,600.

Growth continues today to include a more diversified economy based on oil, agriculture, and the service industry. In 1978, Avenal citizens voted to incorporate. The presence of the Avenal State Prison helps this rural community maintain economic stability, especially as the once-productive [[Kettleman North Dome Oil Field]] reaches exhaustion (less than one-half of one percent of its original oil remains).

===2010===
The [[2010 United States census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0603302|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715075241/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0603302|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Avenal city|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Avenal had a population of 15,505. The population density was {{convert|798.3|PD/sqmi||sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of Avenal was 6,044 (39.0%) White, 1,625 (10.5%) African American, 186 (1.2%) Native American, 108 (0.7%) Asian, 6 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 7,188 (46.4%) from other races, and 348 (2.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11,130 persons (71.8%).

The census reported that 9,082 people (58.6% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6,423 (41.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 2,222 households, out of which 1,437 (64.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,236 (55.6%) were opposite-sex [[married]] couples living together, 404 (18.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 236 (10.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 236 (10.6%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 11 (0.5%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 229 households (10.3%) were made up of individuals, and 73 (3.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.09. There were 1,876 [[family (U.S. Census)|families]] (84.4% of all households); the average family size was 4.26.

The population was spread out, with 3,315 people (21.4%) under the age of 18, 1,661 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 6,039 people (38.9%) aged 25 to 44, 3,872 people (25.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 618 people (4.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 262.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 357.9 males.

There were 2,410 housing units at an average density of {{convert|124.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}, of which 1,011 (45.5%) were owner-occupied, and 1,211 (54.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. Four thousand and seventy-seven people (26.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 5,005 people (32.3%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
As of the [[2000 United States census|census of 2000]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref> there were 15,689 people, 1,928 households, and 1,640 families residing in Avenal. The population density was {{convert|767.3|PD/sqmi||sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,061 housing units at an average density of {{convert|107.8|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of the city was 35.84% White, 12.61% Black or African American, 0.95% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 47.38% from other races, and 2.79% from two or more races. 65.88% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,928 households, out of which 60.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were [[married]] couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.9% were non-families. 11.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.14 and the average family size was 4.30.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 13.5% from 18 to 24, 46.5% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 3.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 289.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 403.5 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $29,710, and the median income for a family was $28,019. Males had a median income of $30,802 versus $20,852 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,090. About 28.3% of families and 30.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 34.4% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.