Editing Armenian genocide (section)

===Balkan Wars===
{{Main|Balkan Wars}}
[[File:Phocaea massacre Sartiaux.jpg|thumb|left|[[Çetes|Muslim bandits]] parading with loot in Phocaea (modern-day [[Foça]], Turkey) on [[Massacre of Phocaea|13 June 1914]]. In the background are Greek refugees and burning buildings.|alt=see caption]]
The 1912 [[First Balkan War]] resulted in the [[Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire#1913|loss of almost all of the empire's European territory]]{{sfn|Suny|2015|pp=184–185}} and the mass expulsion of Muslims from the Balkans.{{sfn|Kieser|2018|p=167}} Ottoman Muslim society was incensed by the atrocities committed against Balkan Muslims, intensifying anti-Christian sentiment and leading to a desire for revenge.{{sfn|Suny|2015|pp=185, 363}}{{sfn|Üngör|2012|p=50}} Blame for the loss was assigned to all Christians, including the Ottoman Armenians, many of whom had fought on the Ottoman side.{{sfn|Bozarslan ''et al.''|2015|pp=169, 171}} The Balkan Wars put an end to the [[Ottomanism|Ottomanist]] movement for pluralism and coexistence;{{sfn|Bloxham|Göçek|2008|p=363}} instead, the CUP turned to an increasingly radical Turkish nationalism to preserve the empire.{{sfn|Kieser|2018|p=156}} CUP leaders such as Talaat and [[Enver Pasha]] came to blame non-Muslim population concentrations in strategic areas for many of the empire's problems, concluding by mid-1914 that they were internal tumors to be excised.{{sfn|Kaligian|2017|pp=97–98}} Of these, Ottoman Armenians were considered the most dangerous, because CUP leaders feared that their homeland in Anatolia—claimed as the last refuge of the Turkish nation—would break away from the empire as the Balkans had.{{sfn|Suny|2015|p=193}}{{sfn|Göçek|2015|p=191}}{{sfn|Kieser|2018|p=156}}

In January 1913, the CUP [[1913 Ottoman coup d'état|launched another coup]], installed a [[one-party state]], and strictly repressed all real or perceived internal enemies.{{sfn|Suny|2015|pp=189–190}}{{sfn|Kieser|2018|pp=133–134, 136, 138, 172}} After the coup, the CUP shifted the demography of border areas by resettling Balkan Muslim refugees while coercing Christians to emigrate; immigrants were promised property that had belonged to Christians.{{sfn|Kaligian|2017|pp=95, 97}}  When parts of Eastern Thrace were reoccupied by the Ottoman Empire during the [[Second Balkan War]] in mid-1913, there was a campaign of looting and intimidation against Greeks and Armenians, forcing many to emigrate.{{sfn|Kaligian|2017|pp=96–97}} Around 150,000 Greek Orthodox from the [[Aegean coast]] were [[1914 Greek deportations|forcibly deported]] in May and June 1914 by [[Çetes|Muslim bandits]], who were secretly backed by the CUP and sometimes joined by the [[Ottoman Army (1861–1922)|regular army]].{{sfn|Suny|2015|pp=193, 211–212}}{{sfn|Kieser|2018|pp=169, 176–177}}{{sfn|Kaligian|2017|p=98}} Historian [[Matthias Bjørnlund]] states that the perceived success of the Greek deportations allowed CUP leaders to envision even more radical policies "as yet another extension of a policy of [[demographic engineering|social engineering]] through [[Turkification]]".{{sfn|Bjørnlund|2008|p=51}}
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