Editing Apollo 8 (section)

===Support personnel===

During Projects Mercury and Gemini, each mission had a prime and a backup crew. For Apollo, a third crew of astronauts was added, known as the support crew. The support crew maintained the flight plan, checklists, and mission ground rules, and ensured that the prime and backup crews were apprised of any changes. The support crew developed procedures in the simulators, especially those for emergency situations, so that the prime and backup crews could practice and master them in their simulator training.{{sfn|Brooks|Grimwood|Swenson|1979|p=261}} For Apollo{{nbsp}}8, the support crew consisted of [[Ken Mattingly]], [[Vance Brand]], and [[Gerald P. Carr|Gerald Carr]].{{sfn|Orloff|2000|p=33}}{{sfn|Brooks|Grimwood|Swenson|1979|p=375}}

The [[capsule communicator]] (CAPCOM) was an astronaut at the [[Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center|Mission Control Center]] in [[Houston, Texas]], who was the only person who communicated directly with the flight crew.{{sfn|Kranz|2000|p=27}} For Apollo{{nbsp}}8, the CAPCOMs were Michael Collins, Gerald Carr, Ken Mattingly, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Vance Brand, and Fred Haise.{{sfn|Orloff|2000|p=33}}{{sfn|Brooks|Grimwood|Swenson|1979|p=375}}

The mission control teams rotated in three shifts, each led by a flight director. The directors for Apollo{{nbsp}}8 were [[Clifford E. Charlesworth]] (Green team), [[Glynn Lunney]] (Black team), and [[Milton Windler]] (Maroon team).{{sfn|Orloff|2000|p=33}}{{sfn|Phillips|1975|p=179}}{{sfn|Kranz|2000|pp=230, 236, 273, 316, 320}}