Editing Anwar Sadat (section)

===Yom Kippur War===
{{main|Yom Kippur War}}
[[File:Egyptianbridge.jpg|alt=Egyptianbridge|thumb|Egyptian vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War]]

On 6 October 1973, in conjunction with [[Hafez al-Assad]] of [[Syria]], Sadat launched the [[Yom Kippur War|October War]], also known as the Yom Kippur War (and less commonly as the Ramadan War), a surprise attack against the Israeli forces occupying the Egyptian [[Sinai Peninsula]],<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/130705-egypt-morsi-government-overthrow-military-revolution-independence-history | title=The Egyptian Military's Huge Historical Role | first1=Anna | last1=Kordunsky | first2=Michael | last2=Lokesson | url-access=registration | work=[[National Geographic]] | date=5 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708073756/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/07/130705-egypt-morsi-government-overthrow-military-revolution-independence-history/ |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the Syrian [[Golan Heights]] in an attempt to retake these respective Egyptian and Syrian territories that had been occupied by Israel since the Six Day War six years earlier. The Egyptian and Syrian performance in the initial stages of the war astonished both Israel, and the Arab World. The most striking achievement ([[Operation Badr (1973)|Operation Badr]], also known as The Crossing) was the Egyptian military's advance approximately 15&nbsp;km into the occupied Sinai Peninsula after penetrating and largely destroying the [[Bar Lev Line]]. This line was popularly thought to have been an impregnable defensive chain.

[[File:Sadat_and_A_Ismail.jpg|thumb|Sadat and [[Ahmad Ismail Ali]] attending the re-opening ceremony of Suez Canal after Yom Kippur war, June 5, 1975|200x200px]]

As the war progressed, three divisions of the Israeli army led by General [[Ariel Sharon]] had crossed the [[Suez Canal]], trying to encircle first the Egyptian Second Army. Although this failed<!-- the Egyptian Third Army-->, prompted by an agreement between the United States of America and the Soviet Union, the [[United Nations Security Council]] passed [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 338|Resolution 338]] on 22 October 1973, calling for an immediate ceasefire.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mary Ann Fay| title=A Country Study|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+eg0051)|pages=Chapter 1, Egypt: The Aftermath of War: October 1973 War|publisher=The Library of Congress|date=December 1990|access-date=13 February 2008}}</ref> Although agreed upon, the ceasefire was immediately broken.<ref>{{cite web| title=Situation report in the Middle East |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/octwar-59.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031018153432/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/octwar-59.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2003 | work=[[United States Department of State]] | via=[[George Washington University]] |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Alexei Kosygin]], the [[Premier of the Soviet Union|chairman]] of the [[Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)|USSR Council of Ministers]], cancelled an official meeting with [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Danish Prime Minister]] [[Anker Jørgensen]] to travel to Egypt where he tried to persuade Sadat to sign a peace treaty. During Kosygin's two-day long stay it is unknown if he and Sadat ever met in person.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004711789201100106?download=true&journalCode=ireb | last=Golan | first=Galia | title=Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War Two to Gorbachev |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1990|isbn=978-0-521-35859-0|page=89| doi=10.1177/004711789201100106 }}</ref>

The Israeli military then continued their drive to encircle the Egyptian army. The encirclement was completed on 24 October, three days after the ceasefire was broken. This development prompted superpower tension, but a second ceasefire was imposed cooperatively on 25 October to end the war. At the conclusion of hostilities, Israeli forces were 40 kilometres (25&nbsp;mi) from [[Damascus]] and 101 kilometres (63&nbsp;mi) from [[Cairo]].<ref>{{cite book| last1=Morris| first1=Benny |title=Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–1998| date=2001 |publisher=1999 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-679-42120-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC_uIe9G2FYC&q=Morris+2011+righteous+victims |access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>