Editing Anesthesia (section)

==== Monitoring ====
[[File:Maquet Flow-I anesthesia machine.jpg|thumb|An [[anesthetic machine]] with integrated systems for [[monitoring (medicine)|monitoring]] of several vital parameters]]
Patients under general anesthesia must undergo continuous physiological [[monitoring (medicine)|monitoring]] to ensure safety. In the US, the [[American Society of Anesthesiologists]] (ASA) has established minimum monitoring guidelines for patients receiving general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, or sedation. These include electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate, blood pressure, inspired and expired gases, oxygen saturation of the blood (pulse oximetry), and temperature.<ref name=ASAHQ>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120107122507/https://asahq.org/For-Members/~/media/For%20Members/documents/Standards%20Guidelines%20Stmts/Basic%20Anesthetic%20Monitoring%202011.ashx Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring]. Committee of Origin: Standards and Practice Parameters (Approved by the ASA House of Delegates on 21 October 1986, amended 20 October 2010 with an effective date of 1 July 2011)</ref> In the UK the Association of Anaesthetists (AAGBI) have set minimum monitoring guidelines for general and regional anesthesia. For minor surgery, this generally includes monitoring of [[heart rate]], [[oxygen saturation]], [[blood pressure]], and inspired and expired concentrations for [[oxygen]], [[carbon dioxide]], and inhalational anesthetic agents. For more invasive surgery, monitoring may also include temperature, urine output, blood pressure, [[central venous pressure]], [[pulmonary artery pressure]] and [[pulmonary wedge pressure|pulmonary artery occlusion pressure]], [[cardiac output]], [[Bispectral index|cerebral activity]], and neuromuscular function. In addition, the operating room environment must be monitored for ambient temperature and humidity, as well as for accumulation of exhaled inhalational anesthetic agents, which might be deleterious to the health of operating room personnel.<ref name="AAGBI_Monitoring">{{cite conference | url=http://www.aagbi.org/sites/default/files/standardsofmonitoring07.pdf | title=Recommendations for Standards of Monitoring During Anaesthesia and Recovery 4th Edition | publisher=Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland | access-date=21 February 2014 | editor=Birks RJS | date=March 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513045417/http://www.aagbi.org/sites/default/files/standardsofmonitoring07.pdf | archive-date=13 May 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref>