Editing Anemia (section)

===Blood loss===
* [[Anemia of prematurity]], from frequent blood sampling for laboratory testing, combined with insufficient RBC production
* [[Physical trauma|Trauma]]<ref name=Robbins12-1/> or [[surgery]], causing acute blood loss
* Gastrointestinal tract lesions,<ref name=Robbins12-1/> causing either acute bleeds (e.g. variceal lesions, [[peptic ulcers]], [[Hemorrhoid|hemorrhoids]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://lacolon.com/article/hemorrhoids-iron-deficiency-can-hemorrhoids-cause-iron-deficiency-anemia | title=Do Hemorrhoids Cause Iron Deficiency Anemia? | date=26 June 2018 }}</ref>) or chronic blood loss (e.g. [[angiodysplasia]])
* Gynecologic disturbances,<ref name=Robbins12-1/> also generally causing chronic blood loss
* From [[menstruation]], mostly among young women or older women who have [[fibroma|fibroids]]
* Many type of cancers, including colorectal [[cancer]] and cancer of the [[urinary bladder]], may cause acute or chronic blood loss, especially at advanced stages
* Infection by intestinal [[nematodes]] feeding on blood, such as [[hookworm]]s<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Bundy DA | title = Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review | journal = PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | volume = 2 | issue = 9 | pages = e291 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18820740 | pmc = 2553481 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000291 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and the whipworm ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gyorkos TW, Gilbert NL, Larocque R, Casapía M | title = Trichuris and hookworm infections associated with anaemia during pregnancy | journal = Tropical Medicine & International Health | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 531–537 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21281406 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02727.x | s2cid = 205391965 | doi-access =  }}</ref>
* [[Iatrogenic anemia]], blood loss from repeated blood draws and medical procedures.<ref name="Whitehead2019">{{cite journal |last1=Whitehead |first1=Nedra S. |last2=Williams |first2=Laurina O. |last3=Meleth |first3=Sreelatha |last4=Kennedy |first4=Sara M. |last5=Ubaka-Blackmoore |first5=Nneka |last6=Geaghan |first6=Sharon M. |last7=Nichols |first7=James H. |last8=Carroll |first8=Patrick |last9=McEvoy |first9=Michael T. |last10=Gayken |first10=Julie |last11=Ernst |first11=Dennis J. |last12=Litwin |first12=Christine |last13=Epner |first13=Paul |last14=Taylor |first14=Jennifer |last15=Graber |first15=Mark L. |title=Interventions to prevent iatrogenic anemia: a Laboratory Medicine Best Practices systematic review |journal=Critical Care |date=December 2019 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=278 |doi=10.1186/s13054-019-2511-9 |pmid=31399052 |pmc=6688222 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="MartinScantling2015">{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=Niels D. |last2=Scantling |first2=Dane |title=Hospital-Acquired Anemia: A Contemporary Review of Etiologies and Prevention Strategies |journal=Journal of Infusion Nursing |date=September 2015 |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=330–338 |doi=10.1097/NAN.0000000000000121 |pmid=26339939 |s2cid=30859103 }}</ref>

The roots of the words ''anemia'' and ''ischemia'' both refer to the basic idea of "lack of blood", but anemia and [[ischemia]] are not the same thing in modern medical terminology. The word ''anemia'' used alone implies [[Systemic effect|widespread]] ''effects'' from blood that either is too scarce (e.g., blood loss) or is dysfunctional in its oxygen-supplying ability (due to whatever type of hemoglobin or erythrocyte problem). In contrast, the word ''ischemia'' refers solely to the lack of blood (poor [[perfusion]]). Thus ischemia in a body part can cause localized anemic effects within those tissues.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bellotto |first1=Fabio |last2=Cati |first2=Arianna |title=Anemia ed ischemia miocardica: relazioni ed interferenze |trans-title=Anemia and myocardial ischemia: relationships and interferences |language=it |journal=Recenti Progressi in Medicina |date=March 2006 |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=153–164 |doi=10.1701/121.1312 |pmid=16700423 }}</ref>