Editing Andrew Carnegie (section)

===1860–1865: American Civil War===
[[File:Pullman sleeping car circa 1860s.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|Pullman sleeping car, where Carnegie made one of his most successful investments]]
Before the [[American Civil War]], Carnegie arranged a merger between Woodruff's company and that of [[George Pullman]], the inventor of the [[Pullman (car or coach)|sleeping car]] for [[first class travel|first-class travel]], which facilitated business travel at distances over {{convert|500|mi}}. The investment proved a success and a source of profit for Woodruff and Carnegie. The young Carnegie continued to work for Pennsylvania's Tom Scott and introduced several improvements in the service.<ref name="EB1911">{{harvnb|Chisholm|1911|pages=364–365}}.</ref>

In the spring of 1861, Carnegie was appointed by Scott, who was now Assistant Secretary of War in charge of military transportation, as Superintendent of the Military Railways and the Union Government's telegraph lines in the East. Carnegie helped open the rail lines into Washington D.C. that the rebels had cut; he rode the locomotive pulling the first brigade of Union troops to reach Washington D.C. Following the defeat of Union forces at [[First Battle of Bull Run|Bull Run]], he personally supervised the transportation of the defeated forces. Under his organization, the telegraph service rendered efficient service to the Union cause and significantly assisted in the eventual victory. Carnegie later joked that he was "the first casualty of the war" when he gained a scar on his cheek from freeing a trapped telegraph wire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gillam|first=Scott|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdvvAMBILJQC&q=andrew+carnegie+during+the+civil+war&pg=PA36|title=Andrew Carnegie: Industrial Giant and Philanthropist|date=January 1, 2009|publisher=ABDO|isbn=978-1-60453-521-1|language=en}}</ref>

The defeat of the Confederacy required vast supplies of [[munition]]s, with railroads and telegraph lines being required to deliver them efficiently. The war demonstrated how integral the industries were to Union success.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Wall|first1=Joseph Frazier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5g5EDwAAQBAJ&q=andrew+carnegie+during+the+civil+war&pg=PA194|title=Andrew Carnegie|last2=Frazier|first2=Wall Joseph|date=1970|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-501282-8|language=en}}</ref>