Editing Andrei Sakharov (section)

===Magneto-implosive generators===
{{main|Explosively pumped flux compression generator}}
In 1951 he invented and tested the first [[explosively pumped flux compression generator]]s,<ref>{{cite journal
 |last1=Sakharov |first1=A. D.
 |title=Magnetoimplosive Generators
 |date=January 1966
 |script-title=ru:Взрывомагнитные генераторы
 |journal=Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
 |volume=88
 |issue=4
 |pages=725–734
 |language=ru
 |doi=10.3367/ufnr.0088.196604e.0725
}} Translated as: {{cite journal 
 |last1=Sakharov |first1=A. D.
 |date=1966
 |title=Magnetoimplosive generators
 |journal=Soviet Physics Uspekhi
 |volume=9
 |issue=2
 |pages=294–299
 |doi=10.1070/PU1966v009n02ABEH002876
|bibcode = 1966SvPhU...9..294S }} Republished as: {{cite journal
 |last1=Sakharov |first1=A. D.
 |title=Magnetoimplosive generators
 |last2=Lyudaev |first2=R. Z.
 |last3=Smirnov |first3=E. N.
 |last4=Plyushchev |first4=Yu I.
 |last5=Pavlovskiĭ |first5=A. I.
 |last6=Chernyshev |first6=V. K.
 |last7= Feoktistova |first7=E. A.
 |last8=Zharinov |first8=E. A.
 |last9=Zysin |first9=Yu A.
 |display-authors=1
 |date=1991
 |script-title=ru:Взрывомагнитные генераторы
 |journal=Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk
 |volume=161
 |issue=5
 |pages=51–60
 |doi=10.3367/UFNr.0161.199105g.0051
 |language=ru
|doi-access=free
 }} Translated as: {{cite journal
 |last1=Sakharov |first1=A. D.
 |last2=Lyudaev |first2=R. Z.
 |last3=Smirnov |first3=E. N.
 |last4=Plyushchev |first4=Yu I.
 |last5=Pavlovskiĭ |first5=A. I.
 |last6=Chernyshev |first6=V. K.
 |last7= Feoktistova |first7=E. A.
 |last8=Zharinov |first8=E. A.
 |last9=Zysin |first9=Yu A.
 |display-authors=1
 |date=1991
 |title=Magnetoimplosive generators
 |journal=Soviet Physics Uspekhi
 |volume=34
 |issue=5
 |pages=387–391
 |doi=10.1070/PU1991v034n05ABEH002495
|bibcode = 1991SvPhU..34..385S }}
</ref> compressing magnetic fields by [[Explosive material|explosives]]. He called these devices MK (for ''MagnetoKumulative'') generators. The radial MK-1 produced a pulsed magnetic field of 25 [[gauss (unit)|megagauss]] (2500 [[tesla (unit)|teslas]]). The resulting helical MK-2 generated 1000 million amperes in 1953.

Sakharov then tested a MK-driven "plasma cannon" where a small aluminum ring was vaporized by huge [[eddy current]]s into a stable, self-confined [[torus|toroidal]] [[plasmoid]] and was accelerated to 100&nbsp;km/s.<ref name="Sakharov book">
{{cite book
 |last1=Sakharov |first1= A. D.
 |date=7 December 1982
 |title=Collected Scientific Works
 |publisher=[[Marcel Dekker]]
 |isbn=978-0824717148
}}</ref> Sakharov later suggested replacing the copper [[Electromagnetic coil|coil]] in MK generators with a large [[Superconductivity|superconductor]] [[solenoid]] to magnetically compress and focus [[Nuclear testing|underground nuclear explosions]] into a [[shaped charge]] effect. He theorized this could focus 10<sup>23</sup> [[proton]]s per second on a 1&nbsp;mm<sup>2</sup> surface.