Editing Andalusia (section)

===Climate===
[[File:Clima andalucía.png|thumb|325px|Locations of the principal Andalusian climate types.<ref name="CMA de la Junta de Andalucía">{{cite web |url=http://www.iberianature.com/regions/andalucia/climate-of-andalusia-andalucia/ |title=Climate of Andalusia |author=CMA de la Junta de Andalucía |publisher=Iberia Nature |access-date=10 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028172826/http://www.iberianature.com/regions/andalucia/climate-of-andalusia-andalucia/ |archive-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Sierra de las Nieves.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Andalusian firs, [[Sierra de las Nieves]]]]

Andalusia is home to the hottest and driest climates in Spain, with yearly average rainfall around {{convert|150|mm|in}} in [[Cabo de Gata National Park|Cabo de Gata]], as well as some of the wettest ones, with yearly average rainfall above {{convert|2000|mm|in}} in inland [[Cádiz (province)|Cádiz]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |publisher=[[AEMET]] |access-date=24 March 2022 |language=es |archive-date=1 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101180444/http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |url-status=live }}</ref> In the west, weather systems sweeping in from the Atlantic ensure that it is relatively wet and humid in the winter, with some areas receiving copious amounts. Contrary to what many people think, as a whole, the region enjoys above-average yearly rainfall in the context of Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iberianature.com/regions/andalucia/climate-of-andalusia-andalucia/ |title=Climate of Andalusia |website=www.iberianature.com |access-date=13 February 2017 |archive-date=28 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028172826/http://www.iberianature.com/regions/andalucia/climate-of-andalusia-andalucia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Andalusia sits at a latitude between 36° and 38° 44' N, in the warm-temperate region. In general, it experiences a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]], with dry summers influenced by the [[Azores High]], but subject to occasional torrential rains and extremely hot temperatures.<ref name="CMA de la Junta de Andalucía" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/site/web/menuitem.a5664a214f73c3df81d8899661525ea0/?vgnextoid=ad53b44325234010VgnVCM1000000624e50aRCRD&vgnextchannel=3259b19c7acf2010VgnVCM1000001625e50aRCRD&lr=lang_es |title=Los tipos climáticos en Andalucía |author=Junta de Andalucía |publisher=Consejería del Medio Ambiente |access-date=10 December 2009}}</ref> In the winter, the tropical anticyclones move south, allowing cold polar fronts to penetrate the region. Still, within Andalusia there is considerable climatic variety. From the extensive coastal plains one may pass to the valley of the Guadalquivir, barely above sea level, then to the highest altitudes in the Iberian peninsula in the peaks of the [[Sierra Nevada (Spain)|Sierra Nevada]]. In a mere {{cvt|50|km|mi}} one can pass from the subtropical coast of the province of Granada to the snowy peaks of [[Mulhacén]]. Andalusia also includes both the dry [[Tabernas Desert]] in the province of Almería and the [[Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park]] in the province of Cádiz, which experiences one of highest rainfall in Spain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/html/adjuntos/2008/02/11/0004/altamontana.html |title=Ecosistemas naturales de Andalucía - Alta montaña |website=Junta de Andalucía |language=es |year=2008 |access-date=2 February 2009 |archive-date=25 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625024646/http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/averroes/html/adjuntos/2008/02/11/0004/altamontana.html}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://abodeinternational.com/weather-climate-andalusia/ |title=The type of climate in Andalusia |access-date=4 October 2008 |publisher=Consejería de Medio Ambiente (Junta de Andalucía) |language=en |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204819/http://abodeinternational.com/weather-climate-andalusia/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Meteorología">{{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}}</ref>

Annual rainfall in the Sierra de Grazalema has been measured as high as {{convert|4346|mm|in}} in 1963, the highest ever recorded for any location in Iberia.<ref name=rain>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos |title=Valores extremos |access-date=4 October 2008 |author=AEMET (Agencia Estatal de Meteorología) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006000904/http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos |archive-date=6 October 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Andalusia is also home to the driest place in [[Europe]], the [[Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park|Cabo de Gata]], with only {{convert|156|mm|in}} of rain per year.<ref name="DOC015">Capel Molina, J.J. (1995) ''Mapa pluviométrico de España Peninsular y Baleares (en el periodo internacional 1961-1990) Investigaciones Geográficas nº 13: 29-466ISSN 0213-4691'' [http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=111619&orden=68481 pdf] Idioma: español. Acceso: 3 July 2009.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2022 |title=Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/149857/cabo-de-gata-nijar-natural-park |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref>

In general, as one goes from west to east, away from the Atlantic, there is less precipitation.<ref name=rain/> "Wet Andalusia" includes most of the highest points in the region, above all the Sierra de Grazalema but also the [[Serranía de Ronda]] in western Málaga. The valley of the Guadalquivir has moderate rainfall. The [[Tabernas Desert]] in Almería has less than {{convert|300|mm|in}} annually.<ref name="Meteorología"/> Much of "dry Andalusia" has more than 300 sunny days a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bargainandalucia.dk/tvangssalg |title=300+ sunny days a year |access-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728094728/http://www.bargainandalucia.dk/ |archive-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>

The average temperature in Andalusia throughout the year is over {{convert|16|°C|°F}}. Averages in the cities range from {{convert|15.1|°C|°F}} in [[Baeza, Spain|Baeza]] to {{convert|19.2|°C|°F}} in [[Seville]]. However, a small region on the Mediterranean coast of [[Province of Almería|Almeria]] and [[Province of Granada|Granada]] provinces have average annual temperature over {{Convert|20|C|F}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}}</ref> Much of the Guadalquivir valley and the Mediterranean coast has an average of about {{convert|18|°C|°F}}. The coldest month is January when [[Granada]] at the foot of the Sierra Nevada experiences an average temperature of {{convert|6.4|°C|°F}}. The hottest are July and August, with an average temperature of {{convert|28.5|°C|°F}} for Andalusia as a whole. [[Córdoba, Andalusia|Córdoba]] is the hottest provincial capital, followed by [[Seville]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andalucia.org/datos-practicos/clima/?set_language=en/ |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517102632/http://www.andalucia.org/datos-practicos/clima/?set_language=en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 May 2016 |title=Average temperature&nbsp;– Average water temperature – Hours of sunlight per year |author=Junta de Andalucía |publisher=Official Tourism Website of Andalucía |access-date=10 December 2009}}</ref>

The Guadalquivir valley has experienced some of the highest temperatures recorded in Europe, with a maximum of {{convert|47.6|°C|°F}} recorded at [[La Rambla, Córdoba|La Rambla]], Córdoba (14 August 2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=aemetblog |date=2 August 2022 |title=14 de agosto de 2021,se batió el récord de temperatura más alta registrada en España. |url=https://aemetblog.es/2022/08/02/14-de-agosto-de-2021se-batio-el-record-de-temperatura-mas-alta-registrada-en-espana/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=Aemetblog |language=es}}</ref> The mountains of Granada and Jaén have the coldest temperatures in southern Iberia, but do not reach continental extremes (and, indeed are surpassed by some mountains in northern Spain). In the cold snap of January 2005, [[Santiago de la Espada]] (Jaén) experienced a temperature of {{convert|-21|°C|°F}} and the [[ski]] resort at [[Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain)|Sierra Nevada National Park]]—the southernmost ski resort in Europe—dropped to {{convert|-18|°C|°F}}. Sierra Nevada Natural Park has Iberia's lowest average annual temperature, ({{convert|3.9|°C|°F|disp=or}} at Pradollano) and its peaks remain snowy practically year-round.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:95%;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Andalusia<ref name="Spanish Climate Normals or Averages">{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?k=and |title=Standard Climate Values, Andalucía |publisher=Aemet.es |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
!Location
!Coldest month
!April
!Warmest month
!October
|-
| [[Almería]]
|| {{convert|16.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|8.3|C|1}}
|| {{convert|24.1|C|1}}/ {{convert|15.3|C|1}}
|| {{convert|31.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|22.4|C|1}}
|| {{convert|24.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|16.3|C|1}}
|-
| [[Cádiz]]
|| {{convert|16.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|9.4|C|1}}
|| {{convert|19.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.7|C|1}}
|| {{convert|27.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|22.0|C|1}}
|| {{convert|23.4|C|1}}/ {{convert|17.3|C|1}}
|-
| [[Córdoba, Andalusia|Córdoba]]
|| {{convert|14.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|3.6|C|1}}
|| {{convert|22.8|C|1}}/ {{convert|9.3|C|1}}
|| {{convert|36.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|19.0|C|1}}
|| {{convert|25.1|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.0|C|1}}
|-
| [[Granada]]
|| {{convert|12.6|C|1}}/ {{convert|1.1|C|1}}
|| {{convert|19.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|6.8|C|1}}
|| {{convert|34.2|C|1}}/ {{convert|17.7|C|1}}
|| {{convert|22.6|C|1}}/ {{convert|10.1|C|1}}
|-
| [[Huelva]]
|| {{convert|16.2|C|1}}/ {{convert|5.9|C|1}}
|| {{convert|22.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|10.3|C|1}}
|| {{convert|32.7|C|1}}/ {{convert|18.9|C|1}}
|| {{convert|24.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|14.1|C|1}}
|-
| [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]]
|| {{convert|12.1|C|1}}/ {{convert|5.1|C|1}}
|| {{convert|19.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|10.0|C|1}}
|| {{convert|33.7|C|1}}/ {{convert|21.4|C|1}}
|| {{convert|21.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.8|C|1}}
|-
| [[Jerez de la Frontera|Jerez]]
|| {{convert|16.2|C|1}}/ {{convert|5.2|C|1}}
|| {{convert|22.2|C|1}}/ {{convert|9.8|C|1}}
|| {{convert|33.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|18.7|C|1}}
|| {{convert|25.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.7|C|1}}
|-
| [[Málaga]]
|| {{convert|16.8|C|1}}/ {{convert|7.4|C|1}}
|| {{convert|21.4|C|1}}/ {{convert|11.1|C|1}}
|| {{convert|30.8|C|1}}/ {{convert|21.1|C|1}}
|| {{convert|24.1|C|1}}/ {{convert|15.0|C|1}}
|-
| [[Seville]]
|| {{convert|16.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|5.7|C|1}}
|| {{convert|23.4|C|1}}/ {{convert|11.1|C|1}}
|| {{convert|36.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|20.3|C|1}}
|| {{convert|26.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|14.4|C|1}}
|-
| [[Tarifa]]
|| {{convert|15.1|C|1}}/ {{convert|10.9|C|1}}
|| {{convert|17.3|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.0|C|1}}
|| {{convert|24.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|20.0|C|1}}
|| {{convert|20.6|C|1}}/ {{convert|16.7|C|1}}
|}