Editing Amygdala (section)

===Connections===
Variability in amygdala connectivity has been related to a variety of behaviors and outcomes such as fear recognition<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McFadyen |first1=Jessica |year=2019 |title=An afferent white matter pathway from the pulvinar to the amygdala facilitates fear recognition |journal=eLife |volume=8 |doi=10.7554/eLife.40766 |pmc=6335057 |pmid=30648533 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and social network size.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal |last1=Hampton |first1=WH |last2=Unger |first2=A |last3=Von Der Heide |first3=RJ |last4=Olson |first4=IR |year=2016 |title=Neural connections foster social connections: a diffusion-weighted imaging study of social networks |journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=721–727 |doi=10.1093/scan/nsv153 |pmc=4847692 |pmid=26755769 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A simple view of the information processing through the amygdala follows as: the amygdala sends projections to the [[hypothalamus]], [[Septal area|septal nuclei]] and [[Stria terminalis|BNST]] (via the [[Amygdalofugal pathway|amygdalofugal tract]]), the dorsomedial thalamus (via the amygdalothalamic tract), the nuclei of the [[trigeminal nerve]] and the [[facial nerve]], the [[ventral tegmental area]], the [[locus coeruleus]], and the [[laterodorsal tegmental nucleus]].<ref name="emotion"/>

The basolateral amygdala projects to the [[nucleus accumbens]], including the medial shell.<ref name="Lalumiere2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lalumiere RT | title = Optogenetic dissection of amygdala functioning | journal = Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience | volume = 8 | pages = 107 | date = 2014 | pmid = 24723867 | pmc = 3972463 | doi = 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00107 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Nieh2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nieh EH, Kim SY, Namburi P, Tye KM | title = Optogenetic dissection of neural circuits underlying emotional valence and motivated behaviors | journal = Brain Research | volume = 1511 | pages = 73–92 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23142759 | pmc = 4099056 | doi = 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.001 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamali |first1=A. |last2=Sair |first2=H. I. |last3=Blitz |first3=A. M. |last4=Riascos |first4=R. F. |last5=Mirbagheri |first5=S. |last6=Keser |first6=Z. |last7=Hasan |first7=K. M. |date=2016 |title=Revealing the ventral amygdalofugal pathway of the human limbic system using high spatial resolution diffusion tensor tractography |journal=Brain Structure & Function |volume=221 |issue=7 |pages=3561–3569 |doi=10.1007/s00429-015-1119-3 |pmid=26454651 |s2cid=253982337}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=29607550 |date=2018 |last1=Kamali |first1=A. |last2=Riascos |first2=R. F. |last3=Pillai |first3=J. J. |last4=Sair |first4=H. I. |last5=Patel |first5=R. |last6=Nelson |first6=F. M. |last7=Lincoln |first7=J. A. |last8=Tandon |first8=N. |last9=Mirbagheri |first9=S. |last10=Rabiei |first10=P. |last11=Keser |first11=Z. |last12=Hasan |first12=K. M. |title=Mapping the trajectory of the amygdalothalamic tract in the human brain |journal=Journal of Neuroscience Research |volume=96 |issue=7 |pages=1176–1185 |doi=10.1002/jnr.24235 |s2cid=4565237 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmid=37148369 |date=2023 |last1=Kamali |first1=A. |last2=Milosavljevic |first2=S. |last3=Gandhi |first3=A. |last4=Lano |first4=K. R. |last5=Shobeiri |first5=P. |last6=Sherbaf |first6=F. G. |last7=Sair |first7=H. I. |last8=Riascos |first8=R. F. |last9=Hasan |first9=K. M. |title=The Cortico-Limbo-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits: An Update to the Original Papez Circuit of the Human Limbic System |journal=Brain Topography |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1007/s10548-023-00955-y |pmc=10164017 }}</ref> [[Glutamate (neurotransmitter)|Glutamatergic]] neurons in the basolateral amygdala send projections to the [[nucleus accumbens]] shell and core. Activation of these projections drive [[motivational salience]]. The ability of these projections to drives [[incentive salience]] is dependent upon [[dopamine receptor D1]].<ref name="Lalumiere2014" /><ref name="Nieh2014" /> The [[endocannabinoid system]] that produces lipoid neuromodulators has its specific receptors ([[Cannabinoid receptor 1|CB1]]) found in amygdalae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calabrò |first=Rocco S. |last2=Cacciola |first2=Alberto |last3=Bruschetta |first3=Daniele |last4=Milardi |first4=Demetrio |last5=Quattrini |first5=Fabrizio |last6=Sciarrone |first6=Francesca |last7=la Rosa |first7=Gianluca |last8=Bramanti |first8=Placido |last9=Anastasi |first9=Giuseppe |date=2019-09-30 |title=Neuroanatomy and function of human sexual behavior: A neglected or unknown issue? |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1389 |journal=Brain and Behavior |volume=9 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/brb3.1389 |issn=2162-3279|pmc=6908863 }}</ref>

[[File:Gray 718-amygdala.png|thumb|[[Coronal plane|Coronal]] section of brain through intermediate mass of [[third ventricle]]. Amygdala is shown in purple.]]
The medial nucleus is involved in the sense of smell and [[pheromone]]-processing. It receives input from the [[olfactory bulb]] and [[olfactory cortex]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Carlson |first=Neil | name-list-style = vanc |title=Physiology of behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/physiologybehavi00carl_811 |url-access=limited |date=12 January 2012|publisher=Pearson|isbn=978-0205239399|page=[https://archive.org/details/physiologybehavi00carl_811/page/n356 336]}}</ref> The lateral amygdalae, which send impulses to the rest of the basolateral complexes and to the centromedial nuclei, receive input from the sensory systems. The centromedial nuclei are the main outputs for the basolateral complexes, and are involved in emotional arousal in rats and cats.<ref name="emotion" /><ref name="Solano-Castiella" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Groshek F, Kerfoot E, McKenna V, Polackwich AS, Gallagher M, Holland PC | title = Amygdala central nucleus function is necessary for learning, but not expression, of conditioned auditory orienting | journal = Behavioral Neuroscience | volume = 119 | issue = 1 | pages = 202–12 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15727525 | pmc = 1255918 | doi = 10.1037/0735-7044.119.1.202 }}</ref>