Editing Almaty (section)

===15th–18th centuries===
In the 15th–18th centuries, the city was in decline as trade activities were decreasing on this part of the [[Silk Road]]. European nations were conducting more overseas trade by shipping. This period was one of crucial ethnic and political transformations.

The [[Dzungar people|Dzungar]] invaded, dominating the Kazakh people for a period. The Kazakhs fought to protect their land and preserve independence. In 1730 the Kazakh defeated the Dzungar in the Anyrakay mountains, {{convert|70|km|mi|round=5|abbr=off}} northwest of Almaty. The Senior Kazakh Horde (Uly Zhuz) held jurisdiction over the region. During the eighteenth century, the city and region were roughly near the border of the [[Khanate of Kokand]]. It was then absorbed as part of the Russian Empire in the 1850s.{{cn|date=December 2022}}