Editing Algiers (section)

===Early modern history===
[[File:Algiers islets.svg|thumb|Illustration of the [[islet]]s off the coast of Algiers before Pier "Kheireddine" was built.]]
The [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] was the target of the [[Spanish Empire]]'s and the [[Portuguese Empire]]'s campaigns and conquests against its coasts, beginning in 1501 AD. However, Algiers continued to be of comparatively little importance until after the [[Reconquista#Conversions and expulsions|expulsion of the Moors]] from Spain, many of whom sought asylum in the city, after which the Spanish led by [[Pedro Navarro]] established a fortified base and [[garrison]] on one of the [[islet]]s off the coast of Algiers, and named it "Peñón de Argel" or Peñón of Algiers, . By that time, Algiers had an [[emir]], Salim al-Thumi who had to "swear obedience and loyalty" to [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] who also imposed a levy intended to suppress the [[Barbary pirates]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}}<ref name="Çelik1997">{{cite book | author = Zeynep Çelik | date = 1997 | title = Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers Under French Rule | publisher = University of California Press | page = 13 | isbn = 978-0-520-20457-7 | oclc = 208879670 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hSSLQgAACAAJ | access-date = 2023-02-09 | archive-date = 2023-02-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230209020213/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSSLQgAACAAJ | url-status = live }}</ref>