Editing Albert Camus (section)

===Post–World War II===
{{external media| float = right| width = 230px | video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?97122-1/albert-camus-life Presentation by Olivier Todd on ''Albert Camus: A Life'', 15 December 1997], [[C-SPAN]]}}

After the War, Camus lived in Paris with Faure, who gave birth to twins, Catherine and Jean, in 1945.{{sfn|Willsher|2011}} Camus was now a celebrated writer known for his role in the Resistance. He gave lectures at various universities in the United States and Latin America during two separate trips. He also visited Algeria once more, only to leave disappointed by the continued oppressive colonial policies, which he had warned about many times. During this period he completed the second cycle of his work, with the book {{lang|fr|L'Homme révolté}} (''[[The Rebel (book)|The Rebel]]''). Camus attacked [[totalitarian]] communism while advocating [[libertarian socialism]] and [[anarcho-syndicalism]].{{sfn|Hayden|2016|p=17}} Upsetting many of his colleagues and contemporaries in France with its rejection of [[communism]], the book brought about the final split between Camus and Sartre. His relations with the Marxist Left deteriorated further during the [[Algerian War]].{{sfn|Hayden|2016|pp=16–17}}

Camus was a strong supporter of [[European integration]] in various marginal organisations working towards that end.{{sfn|Hayden|2016|p=18}} In 1944, he founded the {{lang|fr|Comité français pour la féderation européenne}} ('French Committee for the European Federation' [CFFE]), declaring that Europe "can only evolve along the path of economic progress, democracy, and peace if the nation-states become a federation."{{sfn|Hayden|2016|p=18}} In 1947–48, he founded the {{lang|fr|Groupes de Liaison Internationale}} (GLI), a trade union movement in the context of revolutionary [[syndicalism]] ({{lang|fr|syndicalisme révolutionnaire}}).{{sfnm|1a1=Todd|1y=2000|1pp=249–250|2a1=Schaffner|2y=2006|2p=107}} His main aim was to express the positive side of [[surrealism]] and existentialism, rejecting the negativity and the [[nihilism]] of André Breton. Camus also raised his voice against the [[Soviet invasion of Hungary]] and the totalitarian tendencies of [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]'s regime in Spain.{{sfn|Hayden|2016|p=18}}

Camus had numerous affairs, particularly an irregular and eventually public affair with the Spanish-born actress [[María Casares]], with whom he had extensive correspondence.{{sfnm|1a1=Sherman|1y=2009|1pp=14–17|2a1=Zaretsky|2y=2018}} Faure did not take this affair lightly. She had a mental breakdown and needed hospitalisation in the early 1950s. Camus, who felt guilty, withdrew from public life and was slightly depressed for some time.{{sfn|Sherman|2009|p=17}}

In 1957, Camus received the news that he was to be awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. This came as a shock to him; he anticipated [[André Malraux]] would win the award. At age 44, he was the second-youngest recipient of the prize, after [[Rudyard Kipling]], who was 41. After this he began working on his autobiography {{lang|fr|Le Premier Homme}} (''[[The First Man]]'') in an attempt to examine "moral learning". He also turned to the theatre once more.{{sfn|Hayden|2016|p=19}} Financed by the money he received with his Nobel Prize, he adapted and directed for the stage Dostoyevsky's novel ''[[Demons (Dostoyevsky novel)|Demons]]''. The play opened in January 1959 at the [[Théâtre Antoine-Simone Berriau|Antoine Theatre]] in Paris and was a critical success.{{sfn|Sherman|2009|p=18}}

[[File:Ecrits historiques et politiques, Simone Weil.jpg|thumb|]] 
[[File:Simone_Weil_04_(cropped).png|thumb|left|[[Simone Weil]]]]
During these years, he published posthumously the works of the philosopher [[Simone Weil]], in the series "Espoir" ('Hope') which he had founded for [[Éditions Gallimard]]. Weil had great influence on his philosophy,<ref name = "Basset">
{{cite book
|author=Jeanyves GUÉRIN, Guy BASSET
|title=Dictionnaire Albert Camus
|year=2013
|isbn= 978-2-221-14017-8 
|publisher = Groupe Robert Laffont}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bunn |first=Philip D. |date=2 January 2022 |title=Transcendent Rebellion: The Influence of Simone Weil on Albert Camus' Esthetics |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10457097.2021.1997529 |journal=Perspectives on Political Science |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=35–43 |doi=10.1080/10457097.2021.1997529 |s2cid=242044336 |issn=1045-7097}}</ref> since he saw her writings as an "antidote" to [[nihilism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/litthe/article-abstract/20/3/286/1021593|title=A Political Theology of the Absurd? Albert Camus and Simone Weil on Social Transformation|first=Stefan|last=Skrimshire|date=1 September 2006|journal=Literature and Theology|volume=20|issue=3|pages=286–300|via=Silverchair|doi=10.1093/litthe/fri069}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/29937662|title=Albert Camus, Simone Weil and the Absurd|first=Rik Van|last=Nieuwenhove|date=8 April 2005|journal=Irish Theological Quarterly|volume=70|issue=4|pages=343–354|doi=10.1177/002114000507000403 |via=www.academia.edu}}</ref> Camus described her as "the only great spirit of our times".<ref name = "Hellman">
{{cite book
|author=John Hellman
|title=Simone Weil: An Introduction to Her Thought
|pages = 1–23
|year=1983
|isbn=978-0-88920-121-7 
|publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press}}
</ref>