Editing Alamo Mission (section)

====Further military use====

Following the battle of the Alamo, one thousand Mexican soldiers, under General Juan Andrade, remained at the mission. For the next two months, they repaired and fortified the complex, however, no records remain of what improvements they made to the structure.<ref name=thompson2002p102>Thompson (2002), p. 102.</ref> After the Mexican army's defeat at the [[Battle of San Jacinto]] and the capture of Santa Anna, the Mexican army agreed to leave Texas, effectively ending the Texas Revolution. As Andrade and his garrison joined the retreat on May 24, they [[Touch hole#Spiking the guns|spiked the cannons]], tore down many of the Alamo walls, and set fires throughout the complex.<ref name=roberts200>Roberts and Olson (2001), p. 200.</ref> Only a few buildings survived their efforts; the chapel was left in ruins, most of the Long Barracks was still standing, and the building that had contained the south wall gate and several rooms were mostly intact.<ref name=thompson2002p20 />

The Texians briefly used the Alamo as a fortress in December 1836 and again in January 1839. The Mexican army regained control in March 1841 and [[Battle of Salado Creek (1842)|September 1842]] as they briefly took San Antonio de Bexar. According to historians Roberts and Olson, "both groups carved names in the Alamo's walls, dug musket rounds out of the holds, and knocked off stone carvings".<ref name=roberts200 /> Pieces of the debris were sold to tourists, and in 1840 the San Antonio town council passed a resolution allowing local citizens to take stone from the Alamo at a cost of $5 per wagonload.<ref name=roberts200 /> By the late 1840s, even the four statues located on the front wall of the chapel had been removed.<ref name=thompson2002p103>Thompson (2002), p. 103.</ref>
[[File:Alamo1846.jpg|right|thumb|Drawing of the Alamo mission, published 1846]][[File: Alamo Plaza 1860s.JPG|right|thumb|Alamo Plaza in the 1860s]]
On January 13, 1841, the [[Republic of Texas]] legislature passed an act returning the sanctuary of the Alamo to the Roman Catholic Church.<ref name=schoelwer32>Schoelwer (1985), p. 32.</ref> By 1845, when Texas was annexed to the United States, a colony of bats occupied the abandoned complex and weeds and grass covered many of the walls.<ref name=roberts201 />

As the [[Mexican–American War]] loomed in 1846, 2000 [[United States Army]] soldiers were sent to San Antonio under Brigadier General [[John Wool]]. By the end of the year, they had appropriated part of the Alamo complex for the Quartermaster's Department. Within eighteen months, the convent building had been restored to serve as offices and storerooms. The chapel remained vacant, however, as the army, the Roman Catholic Church, and the city of San Antonio bickered over its ownership. An 1855 decision by the [[Texas Supreme Court]] reaffirmed that the Catholic Church was the rightful owner of the chapel.<ref name=schoelwer32 /> While litigation was ongoing, the army rented the chapel from the Catholic Church for $150 per month.<ref name=roberts201 />

Under the army's oversight, the Alamo was greatly repaired. Soldiers cleared the grounds and rebuilt the old convent and the mission walls, primarily from the original stone which was strewn along the ground. During the renovations, a new wooden roof was added to the chapel and the campanulate, or bell-shaped facade, was added to the front wall of the chapel. At the time, reports suggested that the soldiers found several skeletons while clearing the rubble from the chapel floor. The new chapel roof was destroyed in a fire in 1861.<ref name=roberts201>Roberts and Olson (2001), p. 201.</ref> The army also cut additional windows into the chapel, adding two on the upper level of the facade as well as additional windows on the other three sides of the building.<ref name=thompson2002p103 /> The complex eventually contained a supply depot, offices, storage facilities, a blacksmith shop, and stables.<ref name=thompson2002p104>Thompson (2002), p. 104.</ref>

During the [[American Civil War]], Texas joined the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]], and the Alamo complex was taken over by the [[Confederate Army]].<ref name=schoelwer38 /> In February 1861, the Texan Militia, under direction from the Texas Secession Convention and led by Ben McCullough and Sam Maverick, confronted General Twiggs, commander of all US Forces in Texas and headquartered at the Alamo. Twiggs elected to surrender and all supplies were turned over to the Texans.<ref>March 23, 1861 issue, Harpers Weekly</ref> Following the Confederacy's defeat, the United States Army again maintained control over the Alamo.<ref name=thompson2002p104 /> Shortly after the war ended, however, the Catholic Church requested that the army vacate the premises so that the Alamo could become a place of worship for local German Catholics. The army refused, and the church made no further attempts at retaking the complex.<ref name=schoelwer38>Schoelwer (1985), p. 38.</ref>