Editing Al-Ghazali (section)

=== ''The Revival of Religious Sciences (Ihya' Ulum al-Din)'' ===
{{See also|The Revival of the Religious Sciences}}
{{Sufism|Notable early}}
Another of al-Ghazali's major works is ''[[The Revival of Religious Sciences|Ihya' Ulum al-Din]]'' or ''Ihya'u Ulumiddin'' (''The Revival of Religious Sciences'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sonn |first=Tamara |url=https://archive.org/details/interpretingisla00zhuz |title=Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History |date=1996-10-10 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195356564 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/interpretingisla00zhuz/page/30 30] |language=en |quote=Ghazali Revival ihya. |url-access=registration}}</ref> It covers almost all fields of Islamic sciences: [[fiqh]] (Islamic [[jurisprudence]]), [[kalam]] ([[theology]]) and [[sufism]].{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

It contains four major sections: ''Acts of worship'' ({{lang|ar|Rub' al-'ibadat}}), ''Norms of Daily Life'' ({{lang|ar|Rub' al-'adatat}}), ''The ways to Perdition'' ({{lang|ar|Rub' al-muhlikat}}) and ''The Ways to Salvation'' ({{lang|ar|Rub' al-munjiyat}}). The {{lang|ar|Ihya}} became the most frequently recited Islamic text after the Qur'an and the hadith. Its great achievement was to bring orthodox Sunni theology and Sufi mysticism together in a useful, comprehensive guide to every aspect of Muslim life and death.<ref>Hunt Janin, The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World 610-2003, p 83. {{ISBN|0786429046}}</ref> The book was well received by Islamic scholars such as [[Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi|Nawawi]] who stated that: "Were the books of Islam all to be lost, excepting only the Ihya', it would suffice to replace them all."<ref>{{cite book |first=Joseph E. B. |last=Lumbard |title=Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition: Essays by Western Muslim Scholars |year=2004 |page=291 |publisher=World Wisdom |isbn=0941532607}}</ref> This reception, however, was not universal as the book was burned in Almoravid Spain in 1109 and 1143 as al-Ghazali criticised the [[fuqaha]] for meddling in politics and due to al-Ghazali's [[syncretism]] and support of Sufism.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy-Smith |first1=Julia |title=North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World: From the Almoravids to the Algerian War |date=5 November 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-31213-8 |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seH9AQAAQBAJ |access-date=26 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bennison |first1=Amira K. |title=Almoravid and Almohad Empires |date=5 July 2016 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-4682-1 |pages=243–244 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19JVDwAAQBAJ |access-date=26 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Allegedly, al-Ghazali foretold outraged upon hearing of the burning of his book the rise of the Almohad dynasty and invested is founder [[Ibn Tumart]] with the duty to overthrow the Almoravid rule.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fromherz |first1=Allen J. |title=The Almohads: The Rise of an Islamic Empire |date=30 July 2010 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-85771-207-3 |pages=30–31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AA6MDwAAQBAJ |access-date=26 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>