Editing Ahmad ibn Fadlan (section)

===Manuscript tradition===
For a long time, only an incomplete version of the account was known, transmitted as quotations in the geographical dictionary of [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yaqut]] (under the headings [[Volga River|Atil]], [[Bashgird]], [[Volga Bulgars|Bulghār]], [[Khazar]], [[Khwarizm|Khwārizm]], [[Kievan Rus'|Rūs]]),{{sfn|Lunde|Stone| 2011|p=xxxiv-xxxv}} published in 1823 by [[Christian Martin Frähn]].{{sfn|Ibn Faḍlān|Frähn|1823}}

Only in 1923 was a manuscript discovered by [[Zeki Velidi Togan]] in the [[Astane Quds Museum]], [[Mashhad]], [[Iran]].{{sfn|Hermes|2012|pages=80–84}} The manuscript, [[Ridawiya Library, MS 5229|Razawi Library MS 5229]], dates from the 13th century (7th century [[Hijri year|Hijra]]) and consists of 420 pages (210 folia). Besides other geographical treatises, it contains a fuller version of Ibn Fadlan's text (pp.&nbsp;390–420). Additional passages not preserved in MS 5229 are quoted in the work of the 16th century [[geographer]] [[Amīn Rāzī|Amin Razi]] called ''Haft Iqlīm'' ("Seven [[Clime]]s").

Neither source seems to record Ibn Fadlān's complete report. Yāqūt offers excerpts and several times claims that Ibn Fadlān also recounted his return to Bagdad, but does not quote such material. Meanwhile, the text in Razawi Library MS 5229 breaks off part way through describing the Khazars.{{sfn|Lunde|Stone|2011|p=xxxv-xxxvi}}