Editing African-American English (section)

===African-American Standard English===
African-American Standard English, a term largely popularized by linguist Arthur Spears, is the prestigious and native end of the middle-class African-American English continuum that is used for more formal, careful, or public settings than AAVE. This variety exhibits [[standard English]] vocabulary and grammar but often retains certain elements of the unique AAVE accent,{{sfnp|Rickford|2015|pp=302, 310}}{{sfnp|Spears|2015}} with intonational or rhythmic features maintained more than phonological ones.<ref name="Green 2002 125">{{harvnb|Green|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521891387/page/125 125]}}</ref> Frequently, middle-class African Americans are [[wikt:bidialectal|bi-dialectal]] between this standard variety and AAVE, tending toward using the former variety in school and other public places, so that adults will frequently even [[codeswitch]] between the two varieties within a single conversation. The phonological features maintained in this standard dialect tend to be less [[markedness|marked]].<ref name="Green 2002 125"/> For instance, one such characteristic is the omission of the final consonant in word-final [[consonant clusters]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/what-ebonics-african-american-english|title=What is Ebonics (African American English)? {{!}} Linguistic Society of America|website=www.linguisticsociety.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-01}}</ref> so words such as ''past'' or ''hand'' may lose their final consonant sound.{{sfnp|Green|2002|pp=107–116}}