Editing Aestivation (section)

==Vertebrates==
===Reptiles and amphibians===
[[File:Synchrotron-Reveals-Early-Triassic-Odd-Couple-Injured-Amphibian-and-Aestivating-Therapsid-Share-pone.0064978.s001.ogv|thumb|Aestivation has been put forward as the most likely explanation why this therapsid cynodont ''[[Thrinaxodon liorhinus]]'' shared its burrow with a temnospondyl amphibian, ''[[Broomistega putterilli]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fernandez |first1=V. |last2=Abdala |first2=F. |last3=Carlson |first3=K. J. |last4=Cook |first4=D. C. |last5=Rubidge |first5=B. S. |last6=Yates |first6=A. |last7=Tafforeau |first7=P.|editor1-link=Richard J. Butler |editor1-last=Butler |editor1-first=Richard J  |year=2013 |title=Synchrotron Reveals Early Triassic Odd Couple: Injured Amphibian and Aestivating Therapsid Share Burrow |journal=PLOS ONE |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0064978 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e64978 |pmid=23805181 |pmc=3689844|bibcode=2013PLoSO...864978F |doi-access=free }}</ref>]]
Non-mammalian animals that aestivate include [[Desert tortoise|North American desert tortoises]], [[crocodile]]s, and [[salamander]]s. Some amphibians (e.g. the [[cane toad]] and [[greater siren]]) aestivate during the hot dry season by moving underground where it is cooler and more humid. The [[California red-legged frog]] may aestivate to conserve energy when its food and water supply is low.<ref>{{cite web |last=Moore |first=Bob |date=29 September 2009 |title=Estivation: The Survival Siesta |publisher=[[Audubon Guides]] |url=http://www.audubonguides.com/article.html?id=27 |access-date=5 September 2012 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121010717/http://www.audubonguides.com/article.html?id=27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Cyclorana platycephala|water-holding frog]] has an aestivation cycle. It buries itself in sandy ground in a secreted, water-tight mucus cocoon during periods of hot, dry weather. [[Australian Aboriginals]] discovered a means to take advantage of this by digging up one of these frogs and squeezing it, causing the frog to empty its bladder. This dilute urine—up to half a glassful—can be drunk.  However, this will cause the death of the frog which will be unable to survive until the next rainy season without the water it had stored.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pough |first1=F. H. |last2=Andrews |first2=R. M. |last3=Cadle |first3=J. E. |last4=Crump  |first4=M. L. |last5=Savitzky  |first5=A. H. |last6=Wells |first6=K. D. |year=2001 |title= Herpetology, second edition |publisher=Prentice Hall |location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}}</ref>

The [[Pseudemydura umbrina|western swamp turtle]] aestivates to survive hot summers in the ephemeral swamps it lives in. It buries itself in various media which change depending on location and available substrates.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burbrige |first1=Andrew |last2=Kuchling |first2=Gerald |date=2004 |title=Western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) recovery plan |edition=3 |publisher=Dept. of Conservation and Land Management |location=Perth, Western Australia |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/6221a7a7-b2ef-4aa1-b9d8-f61df10eda2d/files/p-umbrina.pdf|access-date=26 November 2015}}</ref> Because the species is critically endangered, the [[Perth Zoo]] began a conservation and breeding program for it. However, zookeepers were unaware of the importance of their aestivation cycle and during the first summer period would perform weekly checks on the animals. This repeated disturbance was detrimental to the health of the animals, with many losing significant weight and some dying. The zookeepers quickly changed their procedures and now leave their captive turtles undisturbed during their aestivation period. {{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

===Fish===
[[African lungfish]] also aestivate<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Delaney |first1=R. G. |last2=Lahiri |first2=S. |last3=Fishman |first3=A. P. |year=1974 |title=Aestivation of the African lungfish ''Protopterus aethiopicus'': cardiovascular and respiratory functions |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.1242/jeb.61.1.111 |pmid=4411892 |url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/61/1/111.full.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fishman |first1=A. P. |last2=Galante |first2=R. J. |last3=Winokur |first3=A. |last4=Pack |first4=A. I. |year=1992 |title=Estivation in the African lungfish |journal=[[Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.]] |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=61–72 |jstor=986798}}</ref> as can [[salamanderfish]].

===Mammals===
Although relatively uncommon, a small number of mammals aestivate.<ref>{{cite book |last=McNab |first=Brian Keith |year=2002 |title=The physiological ecology of vertebrates: a view from energetics |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-3913-1 |page=388 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C31HhT7phT0C&pg=PA388}}</ref> Animal physiologist Kathrin Dausmann of [[Philipps University of Marburg]], Germany, and coworkers presented evidence in a 2004 edition of ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' that the [[Madagascar|Malagasy]] [[fat-tailed dwarf lemur]] hibernates or aestivates in a small tree hole for seven months of the year.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dausmann |first1=Kathrin H. |last2=Glos |first2=Julian |last3=Ganzhorn |first3=Jörg U. |last4=Heldmaier |first4=Gerhard |year=2004 |title=Physiology: hibernation in a tropical primate |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=429 |issue=6994 |pages=825–826 |doi=10.1038/429825a |pmid=15215852|bibcode=2004Natur.429..825D |s2cid=4366123 }}</ref> According to the Oakland Zoo in California, [[four-toed hedgehog]]s are thought to aestivate during the dry season.<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Hedgehog |publisher=[[Oakland Zoo]] |url=http://www.oaklandzoo.org/East_African_Hedgehog.php |access-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807085802/http://www.oaklandzoo.org/East_African_Hedgehog.php |archive-date=7 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>