Editing Addis Ababa (section)

====Founding====
In 1886, settlement began in the valley south of the mountain in a place called Finfinne, a name which refers to the presence of hot springs. The site was chosen by Empress [[Taytu Betul]]. Initially, she built a house for herself near the "Filwuha" hot [[mineral springs]], where she and members of the Shewan Royal Court liked to take mineral baths. Empress Taytu persuaded Emperor [[Menelik II]] to move the capital from cold and windy [[Entoto]] to the plains below and named the new city Addis Ababa. By the next year large plots of land (Amharic: ሰፈር , ''sefer'') had been allocated to the major nobility, other important personages and some churches. The local [[Oromo people|Oromo]] tribes had their lands confiscated and many were displaced. The city was originally founded as a ''[[katama]]'' (royal camp), with the sefer laid out mirroring an army on the march. The lands of Fitawrari [[Habte Giyorgis]] were furthest to the west, while the [[Imperial Palace Addis Ababa|Imperial Palace]] of Menelik was in the centre, bracketed on each side by the leaders of the left (Qeñazmach) and right (Grazmach) wings of the army. The rear or area to the east of the palace was allocated to a Dejazmach or another prominent noble. Many of these original lands can still be traced back to the original military grants. Each sefer continued to be settled by each noble's retainers and slaves, usually brought from the lands he controlled. Among those ethnic groups, the [[Amhara people|Amhara]], the [[Oromo people|Oromo]], the [[Gurage people|Gurage]], the [[Dorze people|Dorze]] and the [[Tigrayans]] would come in the largest numbers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=1982 |title=History of Ethiopian towns from the mid 19th century to 1935 |page=203}}</ref> The town grew by leaps and bounds. Not only for nobles, but also the site attracted numerous working classes including artisans, merchants, and foreign visitors.
[[File:British legation Addis Ababa 1910.jpg|thumb|The earliest urban dwelling typically made up of [[hut]] cluster. Here is an example of British legation pictured in 1910.]]
Early residential dwelling was typically made of circular huts; walls were constructed with mud (Amharic: ጭቃ, ''cheka'') and straw plastered on a wooden frame and thatched roofs. Addis Ababa's growth rate began with early rapid urbanization without preplanned intention. This was the time where nobilities embarked on concentrated permanent settlement, and altered by social patterns; i.e. each neighborhoods (''sefer'') was located on higher grounds, noncontiguous from adjacent settlements. The early social milieu contributed the contemporary admixture of a classic neighborhood. One of Emperor Menelik's contributions that are still visible today is the planting of numerous [[eucalyptus]] trees along the city streets.<ref>Pankhurst, p. 195</ref><ref name=":2" />

[[File:ETH-BIB-Mausoleum des Kaisers Menelik I. auf dem Hügel des grossen Gibi-Abessinienflug 1934-LBS MH02-22-0326.tif|thumb|The Te'eka Negist Mausoleum at [[Menelik Palace]] in Addis Ababa, 1934.]]

Moreover, the city held strong social organization patterns prior to the Italian invasion. According to [[Richard Pankhurst (Ethiopianist)|Richard Pankhurst]] (1968), the city's accelerated population growth was due to factors of provisional governors and their troops, the 1892 famine, and eventually the [[Battle of Adwa]]. Another includes the 1907 land act, municipal administration in 1909, and a railway and modernized transportation system boom beginning in the 20th century, culminating in continual growth. Additional supplements, for example the laying of [[Ethio-Djibouti Railways]] and topographical factors further led the city's boundary to expand southward.<ref name=":2" />